Essay --

Everyone in the world can access the net profit now. People can engage different devices to access the mesh now. Whether you are in China, Europe, Africa, or the United States, you have access to the internet in some way. I provide be talking around the lend oneself of internet access around the world. Also, areas that do not have internet access or have low amount of access to the internet. I will also talk about bandwidths that are in some areas and what they are using being used for.The paper will start with a pocketable history of how the internet first started and how it continues to develop. Next, will be the use of internet in the U.S. The way internet has been accessible in homes. Then, will be the use of wideband in the United States and other areas. After that, is the use of internet access in rural areas. Finally, Will be the use of access to the internet using devices.2. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE The first internet started about 50 years ago in the United States . It started out as a establishment weapon for researchers to use to share data and communicate with each other. During the 1950s, the Soviet Union lunched the first satellite that was made by man into orbit. The satellite was called Sputnik. The only(prenominal) thing it did was traveling around the earth sending radio transmissions. After that, American scientist decided to focus more on technology and science to get on advance their technology. Different corporations decided to use their government funded money and place it in scientific research and development. Even the federal government used their stimulate money to create NASA and ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) so that they can have a place to create more technology. During the 1960s, there was a computer scientist called J.... ...ation in those areas is low. The rural area lacks broadband more than urban areas because there are less people in rural areas. The number of people that lives without broadband is ab out 19 million, but there are 14.5 million people that live in rural areas, according to the FCC. Even if there is not much broadband service in those areas, rural and urban areas are slowly obtaining the service. Another reason why rural and urban areas lack broadband service is because of the hail to get the service in those areas. The cost will increase depending on how far the area. Companies knows that it will cost them large amounts of money to put broadband in rural areas even if there is a high demand for it. The lack of broadband service in certain areas can also affect the offset of the economy when someone is trying to find out how the economy has improved in the past years.

Essay on Conflict Resolution and Mediation to End School Violence

Use of Conflict Resolution and Mediation to End School military force Conflict and differences of opinion exist in every healthy organization. Americans need to try to take control of todays youth and the violence that is and has been developing in this sphere for many years. Although violence will never be extinct, there are many different ways to reduce violence. Each school and student tribe has different ways of transaction with and economic aiding to curb the need for violence in schools. The most effective and most common method in dealing with violence in schools is conflict resolution. It has been used in many different states and in several different formats to try to give the students, faculty, and parents an idea to what may help stop or prevent this violence and other problems from happening. According to the Texas Youth Commission, there are ten main reasons for instituting a school-based conflict resolution/intermediation program. They are as follows * Confli ct is a natural human state that becomes more prevalent during personal growth. * A more effective system is necessitate to deal with conflict in the school than expulsion or court intervention. * The use of mediation to resolve school-based problems can result in improved talk between and among student, teachers, and parents. * Mediation training assists in preparing students to live in a multicultural world. * Shifting responsibility for solving conflicts from teachers to young adults will free teachers to sharpen on teaching. * Mediation hand overs a system of problem solving that is uniquely suited to the personal nature of young peoples problems. * Mediation training increases students interest in con... ...vary by ethnicity, family income, or geographic location (Factors, 2). It is obvious that the use of conflict resolution and mediation is essential in our school systems. Not only does it provide a safer way to talk out the problems between students it also giv es us a mean to handle the problem of violence in our schools more safely. plant Cited Harberg Consulting Group. Conflict Resolution. Online. Available http//www.hcgnet.com/html/conflictresolution.htm (November 20, 1998) Author Unknown. Factors Contributing To School Violence. Online.Available http//ericweb.tc.columbia.edu/monographs/uds107/prerentingfactors.html (September 21, 1998) Author Unknown. Ten Reasons for Instituting A School-Based Mediation Program. Online. Available http//www.tyc.state.tx.us/prevention/medprog.html. (November 20, 1998).

Talk Radio :: essays papers

Talk Radio In Talk Radio, Oliver pock brings together all venues of filmmaking to capture the story he wants to tell. With tremendous collaboration from the DP, the production designer, the writer, and the performers, Stone calculated a tight, locomote film in high style. Beginning with the script, Stone and Bogosian formed a laborious respect in the nature of the piece. They all(prenominal) understood the underlying theme that Barry repeats over and over again. If you dont like it, why dont you turn it discharge? (sic) They went after the march on up of Barrys paranoia and need for voice/attention, knowing all along he would have to die for the film to mean anything. We start the film off in the clutches of its finale the crazed fan waiting for his prey in smoke. It is only until Barry can recognize the error in his ways that he can be taken from the world to speak louder than any airwave or communicate signal. This is wondrously shown in the voice montage of c allers. The idea of the radio station being a safe world unto its own, where no light penetrates and no one from the real world can gain access, is a wonderful metaphor for Barry himself. A loud talking, overly proud shock jock, who cannot afford to let anyone in. The world of the station has no windows, no warm light, and no ties to the dreadful city around it. Barry dresses in black, like the studio, which is set in contempo-modern deco blacks and grays. He talks about subjects no one wants to admit is true. We are constantly in shadow, always hearing and watching two different stories, and wondering where itll go. Stone keeps us constantly aware of how Barry affects those around him and at the center of attention. Using moving shots, reflection focus pulls, dimming lights, and split diopters we never lose sight of the choices Barry is making and what its doing to those around him.

The early petroleum industry in the US :: essays research papers

The Early Petroleum Industry in the United StatesAncient Egyptians use bitumen for embalming, the Assyrians used it in building, the Chinese for heating and lighting, and for centuries fishermen have used it to make their boats watertight.Naturally, man universe what he is, was not content to let well alone, and soon petra- oleum (rock inunct) and its associated products were being used in galore(postnominal) delightful ways to cripple and annihilate his fellow men.The famous "Green Fire" was used in various forms for many centuries once it became known that when a mixture of petroleum and ground quicklime is exposed to moisture spontaneous combustion takes place. The flaming mixture thus produced was thrown by a pump mounted on the prow of a warship and the consequent havoc wrought on the enemys ships can easily be imagined.Then oddly enough, the ancients knowledge of the properties of petroleum seemed to fall into abeyance and during the Middle Ages, and up to the begi nning of the 19th century, petroleum was only remembered for its medicinal uses. It was to capitalize on this use that an American, Samuel Kier, decided to bottle the oil that seeped into his fathers brine wells. He put it up in half pint bottles and advertised it as containing wonderful medical exam virtues.Another American George H. Bissell, saw his advertisement but was interested in oil for other reasons so, together with a friend, he leased 105 res publica of farmland, near Titusville, Pennsylvania, paying $5,000 dollars for a 99 year lease. So in 1854 the first oil lease was granted.Having obtained the land, which he was fairly certain covered oil deposits, Bissell commissioned Edwin & Drake to drill a well for him. Drake did so and struck oil on August 27th, 1859. The first oil well had been sunk and a great industry had been born. Within a few months of the completion of the Drakwell, oil wells were being sunk all over the United States and within devil years the count ry was exporting great quantities of oil.Simple distillation of seep and salt well oil was being carried out in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Samuel Kier who reinforced a one-barrel still. He was buying crude by the gallon. Later Kier made a still of five-barrel capacity. These two stills for treating crude oil constituted the first commercial refinery in America. The five-barrel apparatus of Kier has survived and is in the Drake Well Museum.

Shakespeares Othello - Pitied Desdemona Essay -- Othello essays

Othello and Pitied Desdemona William Shakespeares tragic drama Othello sees the destruction of two very good-looking people because of a sinister intervention by a third. The most beautiful of all is the lovely and irreproachable Desdemona. Let us in this try out consider her character. In her book, Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the heroines final song Desdemona, preparing for bed on the night that will be her last, remembers her mothers maid called Barbary She was in love, and he she loved proved mad And did forsake her. She had a song of Willow An old thing twas only if it expressed her fortune, And she died singing it. That song to-night Will not go from my mind. (4.3.25) Here time present, in which Desdemona speaks and sings, and time future, in which we know she (like Barbary) is to die from an absolute fidelity to her intuition of what love is and means, recede even as we watch into a lost time past, when Desdem ona had a mother and all loves agonies and complexities could be comprehended in a song. (132) In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemonas father, in the middle of the night. Once in that location the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughters elopement with Othello. In response to Iagos vulgar descriptions of Desdemonas involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed and, with Roderigos help, gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. Once that Brabantio has located Othello, the father presses charges publicly in order to have Desdemona returned ... ...om Shakespeare The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Pres s, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

Shakespeares Othello - Pitied Desdemona Essay -- Othello essays

Othello and Pitied Desdemona William Shakespeares tragic drama Othello sees the destruction of two truly beautiful people because of a sinister intervention by a third. The most beautiful of all is the lovely and irreproachable Desdemona. Let us in this essay consider her character. In her book, Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the heroines final song Desdemona, preparing for bed on the night that get out be her last, remembers her mothers maid called Barbary She was in love, and he she loved proved mad And did forsake her. She had a song of Willow An old affair twas but it expressed her fortune, And she died singing it. That song to-night Will not go from my mind. (4.3.25) Here time present, in which Desdemona speaks and sings, and time future, in which we know she (like Barbary) is to die from an infrangible fidelity to her intuition of what love is and means, recede even as we watch into a lost time past, when Desdemona had a mother and all loves agonies and complexities could be comprehended in a song. (132) In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemonas father, in the middle of the night. at once there the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughters elopement with Othello. In response to Iagos vulgar descriptions of Desdemonas involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed and, with Roderigos help, gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. Once that Brabantio has located Othello, the father presses charges publicly in order to have Desdemona returned ... ...om Shakespeare The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Re print from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

10 Time Tested Tips To Quickly Avoid Plagiarism

Ten Tips on how to avoid plagiarism Students GuideHow to Avoid plagiarisation?When writing a college essay or a research paper, chances are that you bequeath requi state of affairs to consult various sources to develop your ideas. However, you must enter where the ideas or quotes are coming from, otherwise, you would be charge of plagiarism. In this melt, we will explore how best to avoid plagiarism.First of all, let us and say that there are so m any articles turn out there which try to explain avoiding plagiarism.As a matter of fact, when we asked Google, we came across over 308,000 results. Doing this research will get you some good recommendations, but heed bad recommendation including using free plagiarism checker. I will explain why in a second.We believe what drives everyone crazy is the fact that so many of these articles are written with the intent to promote a company than trying to provide valuable information. In other cases we came across information that was just seasonal.So, thats what brings us to this particular return, how to avoid plagirism. Lets dive right inSimply put, plagiarism is any instance of taking another(prenominal) persons or authors ideas or research and representing it as your own. Most colleges and universities corroborate advanced plagiarism detection systems, and if you are caught, you will get penalties. Here is brief guide that describes how to check for plagiarism.The consequences for being caught having plagiarising in your work arse be very severe, with punishments ranging from exclusion from a course to gibbosity from university even in some instances to court hearings.However, plagiarism is not always committed intentionally most plagiarised essays or dissertations are simply improperly lineamentd, or where students inadvertently mix their own ides with those of another, without referencing. We have already provided a guide that goes in a lot of detail regarding how to paraphrase essays and dissert ations.Yes, this is all Plagiarism Examples of Plagiarism If you aim a friends essay to submit without changes as your own, or using a part of it to construct your own work, without referencing, and without fit research, you will be accused of plagiarism. Universities have advanced systems to prevent cheating, and all dissertations, essays, and coursework are submitted through TurnItIn, a system that holds all student work from thousands of universities, and detects irregular similarity levels. You can acceptedly check how Turnitin works, by clicking on this link provided here. Using copyrighted material from a website or online sources. You are not allowed to use some sources in your work, and this is clearly stated. This can be patents, invention, artwork, or even studies. some sources you come across when doing your research will state that the study is copyrighted, or you motivating the authors permission to use it. Building your argument on one particular work without a dequately referencing it. While you might not use direct quotes from the source, you still need to give credit either in the list of sources or in your footnotes, otherwise, you will be accused of plagiarism. write an original work. Some students want to save time and energy by using an original essay and trying to rewrite it using different phrases, without ever-changing the meaning. Even though you might have a unique content, similarities will be revealed by the advanced systems universities use, and you will be caught. Direct quotes without adequate referencing. When quoting word-for-word, you need to use quotation marks, and make sure that you provide the authors get up and publication year, along with the page number, based on the required referencing style. Collusion. If you fall in with other people to complete the essay, research, or course work, you need to acknowledge this in your essay. University Guidelines to Avoid PlagiarismWhen you start your course, you will be p rovided with a guide on how to avoid plagiarism by your institution. Make sure that you read through the guidelines, requirements for referencing, and the policies, in particular focus on the penalties issued for breaching the code of academic conduct.You excessively need to familiarise yourself with the referencing methods expected by your university.You can learn to incorporate Harvard Style or APA style thru our site, make sure you check out our site Journal.Tips on Avoiding Plagiarism If you use direct quotations from books, journal articles, or internet sources, always use a quotation mark, followed by the in-text reference, including the page number. If you use a website as a source, include the paragraph number instead of the page number. Reference all the sources you used. If the idea was mentioned and presented by more than one author and sources, you need to list them all, if you consulted with the papers. If you are referring to multiple sources highlighting an issue or explaining a phenomenon, give details of all of them. If you conduct interviews or ask for advice from experts, discuss your topic with other people, you have to reference their input. Find out how to reference interviews and personal correspondence to avoid plagiarism by checking out our APA referencing guide. Paraphrase. Instead of quoting everything word-for-word, you can conflate the literature you consulted with in a few sentences and provide a reference for each source. You do not have to be exact, and you will need to show your understanding of the idea by putting it into your own words. Check and double check your reference list. One of the most common mistakes students make is that they quote certain sources, but they forget to list them in their bibliography or works cited page. After you finish writing your essay or research paper, go through the content and check that all sources are included in the reference list. This is a habit that will help you avoid plagiarism. Pr ovide a full reference for all internet sources. While you might be tempted to simply mention the name of the website you retrieved the information from, this is not acceptable in academic writing. You need to get out who the author of the blog post or article is, and include their name in your references along with the date of publication. If you do not know the name of the author, you can simply use Anon, but never omit this information. Check Creative Commons agreements. You might want to use an image of a companys logo or store as an illustration for your dissertation and essay, however, you need to check the usage rights before you do. Always search images and art through the Creative Commons website, and only use sources you are allowed to. Use advanced tools to detect plagiarism. You can use different tools, such as Grammarly or PaperRater to detect plagiarism before you submit your essay or course work to your university. Always be wary of FREE plagiarism scanning tool. So me companies might take your work publish it later down the road or in some cases it might be online within weeks. So, to avoid any problems, it is always better to pay for scanning your bear witnesss. Always make it clear who stated what. You need to avoid ambiguity and always place the in-text reference later the quote or paraphrase. This way, the reader can easily associate the thought with the source. When in doubt, always cite. Citing more than necessary is always better than omitting citations. Add references when you bump like your paper could benefit from them.How Does our site Ensure Quality with No Plagiarism?As many of you know our Brand is reputable and respected in the online content world. We employ staff that can deliver quality work with the guarantee of 2.1 quality document.In addition, we promise to provide our clients Quality work that is never plagiarised or copied from anywhere with unlimited Edits.Every piece of work that is handed to you will be custom writ ten just for you. We guarantee it. As a matter of policy, our site always performs two Plagiarism checks on each document. separately work is scanned and checked internally before you get it. Each piece of work goes thru manual review to make sure a third party reviews each and every document.By doing so, we ensure our clients are protected. If you have any doubts, you could request a plagiarism report.Do You Need Help with Avoiding Plagiarism?If you would like to make sure that you avoid plagiarism in your essay, you can contact the professional academic editors at our site to look through, edit, and improve your citations. Contact us to get professional help.Check out our sample Essay Money Makes the World Go RoundSummary Reviewer John our site Admin Review Date 2017-08-18 Reviewed Item How to Avoid Plagiarism? Author military rating 5

Statement of Intention

STATEMENT OF INTENTION. Danny Cronyn. The following persuasive piece leave behind be written in the form of a spoken words to be presented at a school assembly. Addressing the prompt we accommodate to stereotypes and expectations far more than we think this speech will investigate the colossal impact that neighborly expectations and stereotypical norms have on a persons identity and show the true extent to which we subconsciously accommodate to them. My speech contends that we simply get hold of what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without so far view twice just about it and that in doing this, we limit our expertness to be individuals.The purpose of my speech is to illustrate how conforming to stereotypes and social expectations can have a homogenising effect on identity and restrict our capacity to be individuals. I wish to show to my hearing how the innate homosexual need to belong is so strong that we subconsciously conform in order to emotional state a sense of connection and how external factors such as societal norms, stereotypes, rituals and traditions can be defining factors of our identities, even if we do not realise salutary how much.This will be done through using examples of these factors to which we intuitively conform, such as world clothed, getting presents on Christmas, girls shaving their legs and not picking our obtrude or farting in public. These examples of things to which we conform to without questioning will display to the audience the magnitude of influence that stereotypes and expectations have on our identity.Writing in the form of a persuasive speech was the best method of communicating my purpose and contention (that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without even intellection twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals) to the audience as I am suitable to intent expressive skills such as voice and facial gesture to strengthen and support my arguments and am also able to physically see the audiences reaction to my piece.The use of a questioning refinement and concerned and confused facial gestures will act as visual and physical representations of the tone of my piece and through this, I will push the audience to question their way of life and drive them to see the conformity and error of their homogonised identities. By execute my speech to a live audience, I will be able to play off of audience reaction and cater my tone and intensity harmonize to their mood and response to the issue.My concerned, questioning and confused tone will reflect the way I feel about conformist lifestyle and my strong-worded and assuring language (must, indubitably, alarmed) will push the audience to commit that I have a well developed and highly thought out contention and assure them that being a non-conformist individual is the best way to live their lives.Through contrasting the benefit s of uniqueness and individuality with the restricting aspects of conformist living, and along with my strong-worded arguments, I anticipate that the audience will side with me in believing that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals.I have aimed my speech at the common man because the everyday person bland, boring, conformist and good persuaded is the perfect candidate for my speech, which will hopefully push them to question their conformity and to embrace their individual identities. It is aimed at them because I believe that these people atomic number 18 blissfully unaware of how their standardised and by-the-book lifestyles are negatively impacting on their lives. I wish to show them how embracing individuality could greatly improve the way they feel about themselves and the way in which they live their day-to-day lives.Meaning a nd my central inclination will be conveyed through these contrasting lifestyles and through highlighting the homogenising effect that conforming to stereotypes and expectations has on our individuality and identity. My central idea and contention that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals was inspired by the collection of poems Sometimes Gladness by Bruce Dawe, in hich it is proposed that belong to society shapes our identity, but in doing so, also has a homogenising effect and that the rituals and traditions of the society of which we are a part, also shape us. I agree with this idea and believe that being conformist and homogenised beings is a negative thing, that we dont question societal norms, expectations and stereotypes nearly enough, we merely accept them without even considering the possibility that they could be wrong and that rituals and traditions of our culture shape us more than we notice.These key ideas (belonging to society shapes our identity, but in doing so, also has a homogenising effect and the rituals and traditions of the society of which we are a part shape us), which are presented in the poems Enter Without So Much As Knocking and Condolences of the Season are the concepts which influences my central idea that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals.In the poem Enter Without So Much AS Knocking the idea that belonging to society shapes our identity, but also has a homogenising effect is explored through showing the life cycle of a person from birth to death and how he conformed to societal norms his entire life. Through showing how we conform to day-to-day commands and norms such as WALK. DONT WALK. TURN LEFTNO BREATHING EXCEPT BY ORDER. BEWARE O F THIS.WATCH OUT FOR THAT, Dawe shows the homogenising effect that conformist lifestyle has on people and the ways in which they conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we realise. In Condolences of the Season Bruce Dawe shows how our identity is like a kit, a rag to be put together. He shows the ways in which rituals, family and other external factors shape our identity through showing generations of a family pointing our similarities in a petty(a) child at a family gathering.These features will be reflected in my speech when I talk about how external factors such as family traditions and rituals (presents on Christmas) and societal expectations (wearing clothing) influence our identity greatly, sometimes without us even realising. The structural element of bloodline and ending a piece with a near identical financial statement which is shown in Enter Without So Much AS Knocking and Soliloquy For One Dead will be reflected in my piece by beginning and ending my spe ech with my contention (we simply accept what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals) to show a distinct beginning and ending to my piece and also to reinforce the contention. I want my contention to be the first thing that the audience hears when they come in and the last thing they hear when they leave so that it stick in their mind and is something they are forever considering.Another structural element from Dawes poems that I will include is metaphor. Metaphor is shown in The Tackle Box through the use of a hook to be symbolic of/a metaphor for the pain that a father inflicted on his family. I will use the metaphor of sheep in my speech to represent how people flock together much like sheep and simply follow what the majority are doing without question. This metaphoric comparison between human beings and sheep (an animal) will push the audience to look unf avourably upon their conformist actions and sway them to make individual choices.My speech supports the prompt (we conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we think) by showing the ways in which we conform to societal expectations with no questioning as to why, we simply just do it. My speech takes the prompt and presents the idea that social norms, stereotypes and expectations have a immense impact on identity formation and shows the ways in which we simply accept what the majority and masses do as the norm and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals.

Position Paper on Typology in Education Essay

A. Ventura Structures and Organization of high cultivation in the Philippines (DEASOHEPN) Position Paper Subject Towards Rationalizing Philippine Higher Education by Dr. Allan B. Bernardo I. Background of the Issue A. A significant piece of reasons and purposes hurl been articulated concerning the creation of typologies or classification scheme both in the Philippines and abroad since the 1960s. In the House Bill proceeds 363 of the 15th Congress, introduced by Hon. Marcelino A.Teodoro, it was explained that the provision of a definite system for determining the number and distri notwithstandingion of different types of HEIs is necessary in rationalizing the SUCs and all other Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines for allocating resources and for geting interventions for ming lead types of HEIs . Another, and one of the original reasons, is to develop support in look on higher breeding by providing gruelling/vi qualified basis for classifying an increasi ng number of HEIs which on the part of policy-makers allow enable them to target policies and programs to categories of uniform and related inductions.For scholars, they will be better able to identify the appropriate institutions for them and make better informed choices. Business and industries would be able to determine which institutions to partner with. A typology that helps HEIs position themselves in the academic trade was proposed by Zemsky and Massy (cited in Finn 1998). The mushroom-like proliferation of public HEIs charging extremely cheap tuition and fees still atomic number 18 actually substandard in terms of the quality of academic cultivation they offer to disciples is an addition to the concerns.Since these public HEIs offer basically same programs with the private HEIs, despite this aspect on quality, private HEIs are given unfair competition. As a expiry, in that location is an influx of students to public HEIs, thus, a greater demand for subsidized high er education and the sad outcome is that all of these, at the get down of basic education. B. According to Dr. Bernardo (1998), a classification scheme should be seful and could be utilized in edict to obtain significant statistical values/selective information on the distribution of different types of HEIs in selected or assigned regions of the country. This could be used as a reference by CHED in rationalizing standards and making developmental interventions necessary to improve the present status or condition of our HEIs. To give concrete samples, he enumerated some(a) parameters which includes library holdings, query outputs of faculty, faculty development programs, research programs development, to name a few.According to Dr. Bernardo, a certain caveat should be heeded if only to further refine the current typology being used. He likewise proposed the bankers acceptance of a typology by the Commission itself for quality purposes. Dr. Bernardo opposes the opinion of some of the discussants that says Philippine universities cannot be typed for reasons that SUCs have been grounded for a variety of reasons such as politically while private schools are established religiously and academically. Dr.Bernardo stresses that even in the United States where the Carnegie 2000 is being employed, some colleges exist as a result of defeat grants, some are state-funded and some which are funded for religious purposes. Dr. Bernardo agrees to the fact that indeed, simply typing HEIs is difficult that is why according to him, there should be a numbering of the non-quantitative aspects of typing. He stated that funding is not solely limited to marine research but as a matter of fact, a significant number of funding exists for various types of social science research, technological and agricultural research.He reiterated that there are so many funding for research worldwide but an institution definitely and logically needs to position itself first if it desires to be a interrogation University. II. Zemsky and Massy (Finn 1998) proposes a typology that helps HEIs position themselves in the academic market. According to Teichler (2003), the various HEIs may be grouped in terms of types which may be viewed as points in a spectrum.This means that in the classification scheme, related types differ in terms of certain dimensions and that it is important to note that the relationships among types is regarded as a vertical dimension, emphasizing quality or status. Shulman express that the Carnegie 2000 mixed bag of Higher Education Institutions was originally intended to support research in higher education but was later on used for unintended purposes such as to establish rankings of HEIs, make decisions about institutional funding and guide allocation of grant programs.Phil Baty , editor of the propagation Higher Education Rankings, and editor at large of Times Higher Education reported that in Europe the introduction of classification in HEI creat ed some fear that Europe-wide university classification will hamstring institutions since for a long-time it has been hailed as an antidote to traditional league tables a transparent and fair way to compare a universitys performance with that of its peers. As a result there was an influx of criticisms raised about U-Map, the European Commissions project to categorise every European university under a single classification system.Critics have warned that the plan could pigeonhole universities, limiting if not disrupting their development during this period of globalization accompanied by rapid change which commences to a dramatic shake-up of the student market across Europe. Ray down, professor of higher education at the University of Strathclyde, organised a conference on U-Map under the title Towards a Classification of European Higher Education. His opinion and findings parallels that of Fr.Roderick Salazar when he told Times Higher Education that while the system could have obv ious benefits in promoting diversity and education the Continents global profile as the European Higher Education there had to be a proper debate about its authority effects. He added that this particular project which the European ministers of education and the European Commission have endorsed called for a great financial expense in the country, but unfortunately, not enough discussion about it have been conducted in the UK.U-Map emerged from an August 2005 report, Institutional Profiles Towards a Typology of Higher Education Institutions in Europe, part of a project led by the Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. The U-Map team said the system will not rank institutions league table-style, but will position them on a number of dimensions, each representing an aspect of function and performance. This stand is similar to the point of view of the discussants and critics of Dr. Bernardo.In the European system, six dimensions ha ve been proposed the educational profile (looking at degree levels and the subject areas covered) the student profile (including total enrolments and part-time numbers) research thing (measuring research income, peer-reviewed publications and the like) involvement in knowledge transfer (judged by elements such as patents and licensing income) international orientation (including a measure for overseas academic staff) and regional orientation. Professor Land said that the classification would have clear benefits which includes allowing one to compare like with like.He clarified that an authority would not compare Harvard University with Broken-Neck College, Missouri, for example and therefore it will provide information that is more useful and relevant. However, he added that there were pros and cons, as there will always be unintended consequences. Thus, he suggested that once an institution had been categorized, funding agencies and other stakeholders could start treating it accor ding to that classification. As he mentioned, universities might not like to be categorized, or have their wings stocked in any direction. It is expected that if you are entrepreneurial, you will not want to be pigeonholed.For that reason, the classifications would need to be kept under review since higher education sectors are not static, and Europes diverse institutions change their status and missions. This is a common opinion among authorities in education both in the Philippines and abroad. The challenges of globalization and increased competition have led to institutions developing new and innovative courses in areas where previously there had not been demand. This is true not only in Europe, the United States but overly in Asia including the Philippines. These continuing changes may affect an institutions place in the system.Pam Tatlow, chief executive of the Million+ think-tank, said that the proposed classifications have all the arbitrary factors of any league table and wi ll not at all help or extend to the European research base or European Union institutions to compete globally. Professor Land also said that U-Map could possibly have significant effects on the student market. For example, UK students might start to see courses taught in English in Europe as a better option. They may see that it is cheaper to do a similar degree course with a better reputation in Sweden than in the UK. It alters the rules of engagement. Wendy Piatt, its director-general of the Russell Group of large research-intensive institutions was more positive when she welcomed publications that improved information for students in order to move away from fixed hierarchies to capture huge and positive diversity. But she that there is a need to wait for more details to determine incisively how useful the classification will be. Frederick So Pada, one of the consultants of PASUC, saw certain similarities and disparities on the program offerings and enrollment per program vis-a- vis charter mandate and areas of differentiation using the SUC Leveling criteria.He likewise noted that although he does not question the result of the study on typology, he was surprised to know that some universities were inappropriately classified. In other words, their classification did not match their actual behavior. III. Considering the various point of views presented, I would say that adopting a typology for the Philippine HEIs is effectual but I agree with the opinion of Fr. Roderick Salazar when he said that we must constantly be conscious and careful to see that the typology we are using is not final and accurate.Therefore, it must not be used immediately as it is as basis for planning. We should be prepared and a lot open in making our own revisions or modifications for such classification in order to tailor-fit it to the needs of our local HEIs. This is considering what some of the experts, both locals and foreigners have accounted, that is, the Carnegie 2000 has its own set of flaws or weaknesses which showed up since its application in the United States. As a result, it yielded some criticisms or negative colors through the years. I likewise agree with another comment Fr.Salazar gave when he reminded the discussants in one of the fora he attended that at some point, instead of merely focusing on rationalizing our higher education, our HEIs should instead get in the job of being and becoming what the institution was originally called to be. Dr. Bernardo also had a similar opinion when he said that the concern does not lie ofttimes on how CHED rationalizes the university system by type but more on the quality of that HEI. It really does not matter whether an institution is a Doctoral Research University, a Specialized institution a technological/agricultural College or a Community College.If it is excellent in doing what it should be doing, then so be it. Otherwise, all it has to do is to continue to seek to improve in all aspects. Most scho ols in the Philippines start very modestly and grow into institutions that eventually develop and turn out to occasion what our country perfectly needs at that particular time considering its nature or resources. A very good example of this is the UP Los Banos, which up to present, continues to wait on not only the countrys agricultural needs but even those of our neighboring countries needs as well.We cannot track the fact that our Philippine HEIs have a lot of improvement to undergo but the way this outcomes and typology is proposed, it would generate much disappointments and negativity in the higher education community if such a system as the Carnegie is to be introduced as it is. It would be best to introduce it prospectively for all new colleges and all new universities. It would also be helpful to allow several models of universities, and not just the one-size-fits-all university type which in fact doesnt fit many long-practicing universities in the country.Dr. Allan Bern ardo clearly explained on how the granting of the HEI types, would be possible to evaluate the HEI outputs based on HEI types. Schools would choose their types based on the review of their own respective missions. A school which originally aims to serve based on a mission to respond to the needs of an LGU community would choose to be a community college. A school that was created to significantly contribute to the development of technical skills of our people would choose to be a professional college.Thus, the resulting outputs of a particular HEI based on type would be a result of realigning itself as stated on its mission/vision. Because of this, those institutions who would like to focus on professional development neednot worry about research and research publication in peer-reviewed journals. Therefore investments in institutional development would be better placed based on type/classification. The output quality would then be measured according to the inputs according to type. Assessment would be gruesome and confusing.This education sector concerned would as a result metamorphose to become what originally it was called and created to be, that is an excellent HEI. Simply making use of parameters such as how many laboratories are existing, academic degrees, facilities that are inputted into an instructional system as the briny tool for assessing an institutional type, is definitely not a very reliable basis for classification. One has to take the trouble to assess an instructional system in terms of what it actually produces, not on a one-time study, but it has to be a long-term assessment if it wishes to be accurate and reliable.

How a Ups Manager Can Cut Turnover Essay

1. In Buffalo New York, UPS operations prime objective was to pass a way to fix the fifty percent a year turnover run that costs them millions of dollars per year. To do this the company promoted Jennifer Shroeger to District Manager. The starting signal involvement she needed to do is to find what was costing the company so much money and why there was so much turnover. She knew that they had high turnover pass judgment resulting in an increase of recruiting, selection, and training costs. She also knew a high judge of turnover could disrupt the efficient running of an organization (Judge, 2007). For example, on UPSs Pressroom website states, UPS spends to a greater extent than $300 million per year on training and education programs for its worldwide executionforce. Jennifer saved over $1 million dollars in 2002 and dropped the turnover rate from fifty percent to six percent saving the company a lot of money (United Parcel Service of America, 2004-2009).2. Ms. Shroeger also examined how to improve hiring, communication, the workplace, and supervisor training. Ms. Shroeger followed the staple OB Model, Stage II and modified the hiring process to screen out people who wanted full time jobs and focused more on the college students. She offered classes on Saturdays for computer-skill development and career planning discussions, updated the break rooms and installed more personal computers on the floor. She also modified the communication style and motivation of each employee in his or her group (Judge, 2007). The importance of evaluating the different criteria is to see what effect it will have on the organization, the employees and their behavior. Then apply that knowledge to make the organization work more efficiently. The program is designed to improve productivity, reduce absenteeism, turnover, and deviant workplace behavior and increase organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction so that managers faeces offer guidance in creating an ethi cally healthy work climate (Judge, 2007).3. Ms. Shroeger found that college students were most interested in edifice skills that they could apply later in their careers so she offered them Saturday classes for computer-skill development and career-planning discussions. Since many new UPS employees in Buffalo are intimidated by the huge warehouse where they had to work, Ms. Shroeger improved lighting throughout the building and remodeled break rooms to make them more user-friendly (Judge, 2007). To help new employees adjust, she turned some of her best shift supervisors into trainers who provided specific guidance during new hires first week. She also installed more personal computers on the floor, which gave new employees easier access to training materials and human-resource information on UPSs internal network. Shroeger also expanded training so that supervisors had the skills they needed to handle increased empowerment and to see how difficult it is to be a manager (Judge, 2007) .4. In my opinion, I dont speak out that it is wrong to teach supervisors to demonstrate interest in their workers as individuals. I know from personal experience that when my supervisor treated me more like a coadjutor/friend I worked harder and felt more proud to be where I was working. I valued my job and valued the people I worked with. I think that when a supervisor shows interest in their employees, the employee will be more likely to be at work and be proud and productive.5. The supporting facts of the face that support the argument that OB should be approached from a contingency perspective are how she improved hiring, communication, the work place, and supervisor training. She analyzed the large database of information that UPS had on her districts employees and made many changes to adding skills and career development classes, improved conditions in the warehouse and buildings and finally expanded supervisor training. The approach made a statement that she was prudent for determining which managerial approach was likely to be most effective in achieving her cutting the turnover rate. It resulted from a fifty percent turnover rate per year to six percent and an annual savings of $1 million dollars. Buffalo district gained a twenty percent reduction in alienated workdays and finally dropping from four percent to one percent in packages delivered on the wrong day or wrong time.

Organisms Physiology Essay

Organism Physiology is the method in which many diverse living organisms are considered to reserve transgressed from earlier forms during the history of the existence that prat be defined as Evolution. Several organisms have evolved as a result of environmental changes within their habitats. Example is a diagram of a titan and details about how the whale has evolved physiologically and has become commensurate to fit the environment. Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Cordata, Class Mammalia, Order Cetacea, Sub-order Odontoceti, Family Delphinidae, Genus Orcinus, Species Orca. Whales occupy all oceans and major seas, steady some are in larger river systems. They are genuinely large animals. They can grow up to 100 ft. or more in length. They can weigh up to 200 tons or more. Whales live in families called pods. These pods vary in numbers and consist of family members and family friends.Whales live in these families their whole life. separate living is safer when another(prenominal) w hales or sharks attack. It also makes it easier to find food. Whales are always migrating. They travel to find food, breed and have young. Whales do not have eyelids. They confide on thick oily tears to protect their eyes. Whales hear from little holes behind their eyes. They talk to each other by making high toss sounds same whistles, clicks, squeaks, rattles, and groans. Whales inhabit all oceans and the seven seas some also inhabit larger river systems. They are extremely social organism and use communication for the bunk of hunting, defense, and reproduction. In general a dolphins live pods of up to a dozen individuals. Dolphin pods can emerge temporally forming a super pod the emergent pods may exceed thousands of dolphins. Attachments in pods are not set interchange is regular. On the other hand, whales can generate great social bonds they will extend with wounded or individuals in poor health, even assisting other whales to breathe by bringing them to the surface if req uired. Whales arewidely classed as predators, but their food ranges from microscopic plankton to very large fish.Males are called bulls females, cows. The young are called calves. Because of their environment, whales are conscious breathers they decide when to breathe. All mammals sleep, including whales, but they cannot afford to fall into an unconscious state for too long, since they deficiency to be conscious in order to breathe. Whales also communicate with each other using lyrical sounds. Being so large and powerful these sounds are also extremely loud depending on the species. The most dangerous predator for the whale is mankind and climate change. Man slaughters whales for their meat, fat, and for being in the same locating where they fish. There studies at this time being done to evaluate the influence of pollution in the water and the effects on whales. Whales are threatened by climate change and global warming. As the Antartic Ocean warms, krill populations, that are the main food source of some species of whales, reduce dramatically, being replaced by jelly like salps. . Whales give birth to live young, and the mother nurses the calf with her milk and provides care. The calf is nursed by the mother for one and one half years to terzetto years and a mother will stay with her young three to eight years. Whales are persuasion to live about 40-80years. Whales vary basis of their ecosystem and what is inevitable for them to survive in their ecosystem (Getten, 2006). All whales, dolphins, and porpoises species are related.Fossil data has been discovered from the early Eocene epoch that point toward information that whales were already aquatic 45-50million years ago. It is thought that animals that spent a great amount of time hunting for food around water areas and went through a period in an amphibious make up before becoming adapted to live in the water and the animal became dedicated to the water. Records show that by in their teeth it took milli ons of years for true cetaceans to develop (Brakes, Simmonds 2011). The whale has adapted to the environment in many ways from the once amphibious animal it is thought to have evolved from. Fossil evidence reveals that after prehistoric whales decided to be aquatic, it did not take long for bones of the hind limbs to disappear. The see limbs evolved into flippers and the powerful tail is their most important forward motion mechanism. Anatomically, dolphins bodies have adapted to become more efficient to move in the water. Whales, like dolphins are marine mammals and like all mammals they require oxygen tosurvive. Unlike other sea creatures such as fish, a whale would suffocate in water if it did not have a blowhole for oxygen. The blowhole is situated on or near the top of their head and acts as an airway passage for breathing. Whales cannot breathe through their mouth because the esophagus (food passage) and trachea (oxygen passage) are completely disconnected from each other. Al though whales must breathe oxygen they can spend up to 90% of their lives underwater. The eyes of a whale are relatively small when compared to the hiatus of its dead body. Their eyes are well adapted to aquatic life and secrete oil used to lubricate and protect their eyes from debris and other chemicals in the ocean.They are not capable of secreting tears as military personnel do, but their cries can be heard vocally from many miles away. They have a condensed body with a somehow a tapered head that caused the vertebrae neck to fuse together. Instead of a main blood supply to the brain on the out(prenominal) of the neck, the whale blood flows through an artery in the vertebrae that supply a continuous supply of blood, which is most vital when diving into the depths of the ocean. The shin of a whale is extremely smooth, hairless, dense, and not do have glands. Their skin is kept smooth by continuously sloughing off and being restored. On average their skin is restored at a speed nine times faster than a human. Whales have a tendency to depend on their sense of hearing to survive. other(a) senses have had to adapt for survival in the blackness of the oceans deepness.The structure of the whales melon (the fatty tissue in front of the blow whole) functions as a lens to direct sound when the dolphin generates high pitched clicks for echo sounding. When the sound echoes back the small bone under the chin, called trephine bone, receives the sonic report and stimulates the brain by means of the inner ear. By means of echolocation, whales can estimate distance by measuring the time in the midst of releasing the clicks and the return of echoes. Through this incredible ability, whales can consider the size, shape, direction of movement, and distance of objects in the ocean water (Getten, 2006). In conclusion dolphins have adapted agreeably to survive in the depths of the ocean, seven seas and in large rivers systems. They have evolved in structure and ability to reproduce successfully and flourish. Having the intriguing ability of echolocation provides whales considerable advantage while feeding in the environment in which they live. They are extremely energetic, gentle, and intelligent. The only main threatsto whales are humans through various ways and climate change. If whales are left alone in their ecosystems their species would be able to survive successfully.References Brakes, P., & Simmonds, M. P. (2011). Whales and dolphins Cognition, culture, conservation and human perceptions. London, UK Earthscan. Getten, M. J. (2006). Communicating with orcas The whales perspective. Charlottesville, VA Hampton roads Pub. Co. Whales and Dolphins Website Whales. (2011, March 11). Retrieved December 7, 2013, from http//dolphins-and-whales.zoomshare.com/11.html

Contemporary issues in marketing Essay

Contemporary issues in merchandiseIntroduction Tesco is a UK-based international grocery and general merchandising retail string. In the recent past, Tesco has under beat backn an array of marketing activities to benefit its marketing strategies and bodied social responsibility. The friendship has invested in a range of own-label products, in-depth market research with guests, established much(prenominal) in-store facilities as bakeries and meat counters and baby change roofs, as launched first-class training program to en equal to(p) its staff to offer service to customers the best way likely (Chaffey & Smith 2008, p.55). This focus on customer-centric culture has been signified by the positive impacts of the Tesco comp whatsoever Card and Tesco Direct.Tesco unite Card Use of customer loyalty programs has catch increasingly pronounced in many industries, the retail sector being no exception. Retailers ar increasingly adopting customer niner cards to encourage customer loyalty by providing observe to them. This tapping into customer loyalty for mutual benefit is a basic technique of family marketing which besides involves former(a) variables of trust, commitment, satisfaction, and value (Palmer 2005, p.125). Comp bed to its major competitors, Tesco has the roughly successful customer loyalty program known as Tesco indian lodge Card. This has given Tesco competitory advantage as the competition has however succeeded in creating false loyalty. Whilst other companies learn functioned good loyalty programs, they contain failed to create value to their brands in the eye of the consumer leading to customer dissatisfaction. The Tesco clubhouse card scheme, launched in 1995, has direct benefits to card-holding customers who happen a point for 1 spent at Tesco stores or at Tescos website, as well as double points right71755on special offers by the supermarket. The points are stored and accumulated and the card holder is awarded w ith vouchers for the value of points they have built up at four times a year (Gummesson 2008, p.55). These vouches rear then be used for obtain in store or on Club card Deals where their value is quadrupled. In addition, Club Card holders qualify for free access to a number of Club card clubs by Tesco such as healthy food, baby and toddler, food and Christmas clubs. Tesco card-holding customers to a fault benefit from the convenience of purchasing air miles using their club card points following Tescos partnership with Virgin Atlantic. The Tesco Club card establishment also benefits customers by rewarding green points to them when they contribute to environment sustainability measures through bringing their own carrier bags during shopping. This is part of Tescos 10-point Community Plan intended to make up greenness at all Tesco stores and improve the chains positing within the community (Charlesworth 2009, p.85). The plan also entails Tescos efforts to introduce thicker an d degradable bags. Through this plan, Tesco customers are able to adopt environmentally friendly behavior and significantly contribute to sustainability. Similarly, Tesco itself substantially benefits from the Tesco Club Card scheme. The benefits afforded to the customers allows Tesco to understand consumer behavior and micro-segment them in damage of lifestyle habits. info obtained from this enables Tesco to target the customers with to a greater extent than personalized promotions along with other marketing programmes (Gummesson 2008, p.86). Tesco is able to gather detailed data about individual customers buying habits while at the same time maintaining feedback channels by which the stores communicate directly with their customers and build loyalty. The wealth of information obtained from the Tesco Club Card system, which is constantly updated and refreshed, has significantly contributed to the supermarket chains knowledge of its customer base, increased sales and commitme nt from customers. In addition, Tesco enjoys such operational benefits as refined stock selection, display as well as staffing levels (Humby 2008, p.47). Tesco Company has also revolutionized its use of personalized club card data through online marketing strategy. Considerable changes have been make to the companys website, Tesco.com. Club card has been turned digital, where data about individual consumer habits are correlated with other sources of data such as mobile ph unity data, social networking data, wages methods to enable regressy of even more personalized offers to customers (Hart 2003, p.203). As such, value offers flash up to its most price-sensitive customers whilst finest products are the core of personalized messages to the more up-market club card holders.Tescos Home Delivery Service Tesco.com, previously known as Tesco Direct, has attracted a huge loyal customer base as a result of the companys excellent stand grocery experiencey service. It was initia lly targeted at time-precious consumers needing to buy Tesco products online. This was done with the understanding that only a crabby subset of the customers wanted to buy online. As such, Tesco adopted a user-friendly operating system together to produce a flexible home delivery system carefully tailored to meet the of necessity and expectations of the target market (Hart 2003, p.206). Tesco,com has grown to become a strong business organic law model complimented by Tescos Club card loyalty programme, and stand byed the leading supermarket chain with identifying, segmenting and incentivizing the most potential customer for less than $250 a head (Humby et al. 2008,, p.221). The home delivery service strives to recreate as much as possible the construe of shopping at a local Tesco store. The home delivery model is a product of Tescos termination to know its customer more than rival supermarkets and other internet retailers. It has benefitted Tescos reputation of listening to customers and responding to their wishes accordingly (Chaffey & Smith 2008, p.98). Tesco has at least 3,200-strong fleet of roost commercials that facilitate about 500,000 deliveries per week. The supermarket chains home delivery vehicles are in operation seven days a week for a maximum 16 hours daily, resulting in substantial positive effect on their customer service levels. Using a powerful satellite navigational system, Tesco drivers follow most efficient delivery routes that enable them to meet delivery schedules at all times. This is helped by the fact that the company has a team of high skilled pickers who take care of online orders. trade consanguinitys Between Organization And Its StakeholdersTescos Relationship Marketing The existence of a business depends on its ability to build relationships between employers, employees, investors, customers, suppliers and other stakeholders, and efforts done to attain success. Tesco builds marketing relationships with its stak eholders through listening to them pursues partnership approach with suppliers, employees and suppliers receivable to its belief in open and constructive relationships (Thoenig & Waldman 2007, p.152). Similarly, Tesco listens and partners with communities in which they do business for the purpose of understanding local issues and needs. Tesco as a publicly trade limited company has diverse ownership, meaning that the investment community has greater layer of leverage over retailer strategy as well greater degree of freedom of the supermarket to promote sustainability even in instances where it is against short-term financial interests. Considering that Tesco operates in a highly competitive marketplace where products, tastes, consumer buying behaviors and even store are constantly changing, it always have to devise proactive measures to deal with these changes. The companys slogan, Every Little helps, describes its way of working with all its stakeholders. Tesco has a hi story of appealing to both up-graders and down-graders, which has helped the supermarket store to significantly broaden its demographic base. Tesco strives to fill up its aims and objectives of creating value for its customers and gain their lifetime loyalty by promoting deals and sales of products via direct mail and emails to customers. The messages are tailored for individual customers depending on their history of purchases retrieved from Tescos customer database developed from information gathered by Tesco Club card (Humby 2008, p.87). Tesco builds strong relationships with customers by striving to understand them and be the first to meet their needs. Tesco customers constantly receive notifications about the la interrogatory new products in stores as well on Tesco.com website. The supermarket chain also offers deals and discounts on its products in line with the customers needs. Tesco also makes use of relationship marketing on its website to market special offers to cus tomers during such holiday seasons as Easter. The website carries a range of products and presents from which customers can pick from to purchase. Customers are also afforded the option to pre-order their deliveries, modify customers to concord in advance products they desire to purchase online and be home delivered.Tescos Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) Phrases such as corporate reputation and corporate citizenship have increasingly become common additions to marketing speak as brands recognize the need to be perceived as responsible players by customers and the society. Cause-related marketing refers to any partnership between an organization and a charity program which markets a product, service, or an image for mutual benefit (Hassan & Parves 2013, p.6). Tesco is at the top of an illustrious root word of companies that have integrated major cause-related marketing programs into their marketing activities. This has been informed by Tescos understanding of the significance o f CRM substantial benefits to the organization and positive impact on the community at large. CRM programs have proved necessary due to changing expectations of stakeholders who increasingly demanding greater accountability and responsibilities from organizations. CRM activities have positively benefitted Tescos communication and marketing power. For instance, the supermarket chain has utilized major advertising spending in supporting a number of community involvements e.g. Computers for Schools and Sports for Schools and Clubs. When customers spend in excess of 10 at Tesco stores or at Tescos website, they are awarded vouchers than can be given to schools and clubs (Thoenig & Waldman 2007, p.149). Tesco has also build reputation as a responsible business due to proprietary involvement in healthy eating initiatives such as it inclusion of glycemia index on food-product labeling and a Gi guide lifestyle book for customers. CRM activities through Tesco club card and home de livery services have proved to be an intrinsic component of Tescos marketing strategy for enhancing its corporate reputation, brand equity, loyalty, sales, and corporate social responsibility (Thoenig & Waldman 2007, p.157). CRM has strength over more conventional forms of marketing in the sense that it provides both emotional and rational companionship with the customer, thus building a much stronger and sustainable relationship between the organization and customer as a stakeholder.Tesco Information Exchange (TIE) Tesco has also made significant efforts to boost its previously confrontational relationships with its suppliers as a result of the companys competing on price with its supplier brands through use of copycat store brands (Thoenig & Waldman 2007, p.150). Since 1997, Tesco has been partnering with its suppliers to jointly develop a differentiated marketing approach the Tesco Information Exchange (TIE). Through TIE, Tesco supplies its supplies with real-time informa tion pertaining to store sales of their products. This would help in marketing analysis together with logistical planning. This arrangement enables Tescos supplier to give input that contributes to the improvement of Tescos marketing efficacy. Furthermore, the Tesco-suppliers partnership extends into information of certain products for their customers, undertaking store-specific promotions or incorporation the vendors offer to the companys customers at the store-specific level. The result of this relationship has been its suppliers general perception of Tesco as professional, fair, consistent, and committed to its customers (Thoenig & Waldman 2007, p.151).Role of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) In recent years, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become a powerful marketing diaphysis that has led to massive increase in sales and profit maximization in the retail sector (Stair & Reynolds 2010, p.47). This has especially been the case due to the increasingly competitive modern marketplace in which customers continue to gain vigour, translating that business have to focus more on their customers in order to retain them and attract more others. Customer Relationship Management refers to any initiative or application developed to help a stanch optimize its interactions with customers, suppliers, or protests through one or more touch points such as a salesperson, distributor, call center, store, branch office, e-mail, Web etc for the purpose of acquiring, retaining and cross-selling customers (Hassan & Parves 2013, p.2). CRM is designed to develop and continuously improve an organizations relationship with its customers in their real-time transactions, with the greater help of information engine room. CRM utilizes such tools as databases, personalized engines, targeted marketing, response function analysis, online preference surveys, and programs designed to bring in and analyze customer behavior (Hassan & Parves 2013, p.3). It buil ds on conventional marketing principles and much emphasis is on recognizing and defining what customers perceive as value and strive to deliver it. CRM goes beyond marketing as it involves a range of business practices designed to put the organization into closer touch with its customers so as to learn more about one another, where the overall objective is to make each other more valuable to the firm. Retailers greatly rely on the implementation of CRM policy approaches and frameworks to jibe their business success (Hassan & Parves 2013, p.5). Tesco adopted CRM in the early 1990s when the supermarket chain started working with a marketing services firm, Dunnhumby, leading to the launch of the preliminary test of loyalty card scheme in its six stores in 1994. In relation to the Tesco Clubcard, CRM can be best termed to as initiatives designed to improve the supermarket chains performance at all point of come home with their customers, to make them happier while making the com pany richer at the same time. The main motivation rump the Tesco Clubcard was to gain insight into the shopping habits of Tescos customers as well as give something back to them. This scheme established a new point-of-sale (POS) technology at Tesco along with a call centre dedicated to handle customer queries. Generally, Tesco has utilized CRM in its growthes to create, maintain, and expand relationships with its customers. Tescos CRM initiatives involve loyalty cards, home delivery services, company service desk, mobile shopper and Point of Sale (POS) till. To a larger extent, success of CRM in creating value and benefits for all concerned is dependent on both the supplier and consumers of products or services. However, with the rapid technologies changes, leading companies like Tesco have been able to utilize CRM as a strategic approach best fit(p) to improve the value of its shareholders by achieving proper relationship with key customer bases or customer bases. This is e specially because the implementation and affectivity of Customer Relationship Management are strongly dependent on the effective utilization of information technologies together with strategies of relationship marketing to deliver profitable goals in the longer term (Hassan & Parves 2013, p.8). Strategies of CRM have greater potential of delivering value for the business organization and its stakeholders because they are exclusively customer oriented. Through CRM, Tescos business practices have enabled it to appeal to its existing and potential customers more closely, creating an opportunity for mutual understanding and offering better worth to each other. At the end every three month, more than 150,000 loyal Tesco customers are delivered with magazine from the supermarket chain highlighting the latest and exclusive offers of the companys products and services, while more than 8 million Tesco shoppers are reached by the CRM tools. By and large, Tesco can be termed as the m ost excelled practitioner of CRM pertaining to its knowledge of the customer thoughts, their perception and feeling regarding grocery shopping. Using demographic data, lifestyle data, information on score dollars spent on food items, and customer response to offers and promotions facilitated by the Tesco Clubcard, Tesco has put much focus on customer satisfaction by developing customer needs segments to which personalized coupons are awarded to individual segments. Tesco has also successfully applied CRM approaches to its home delivery services. They have contributed to creation of value for both the company and its customers in the sense that new technology applications (Microsoft-developed website) have resulted in reduced flexibility of delivery time and improved order-picking growth. The company uses special software that manages the picking operations including routing and substitution (Stair & Reynolds 2010, p.47). Use of CRM has ensured greater availability of products most likely to be ordered by different customers given that each Tesco stores boniface is equipped with each customers favourite product history. Also, Tesco stores add value by fine-tuning wholesale order and maintaining regional variation in terms of pricing for the benefit of the customer.Value of extended marketing mix As with all types of marketing activities, retail marketers need to developed concrete knowledge of their markets, needs of their customers and the competitive pressures they face in order to develop clear targeted market strategies and considered brand positioning. This requires that an organization devotes significant amount of attention to its marketing mix (Stair & Reynolds 2010, p.79). In the recent past, the traditional 4Ps marketing mix has expanded to extended services marketing mix to include additional 3Ps physical evidence or in-store atmospheres, people, and processes. physiologic evidence The physical evidence element refers to the tangib le elements or in-store atmosphere that customers can evaluate. The physical layout is crucial today as customers increasingly come into contact with products or services in retail stores they expect high standard of presentation (Charlesworth 2009, p.211). While Tesco has not committed large amounts of money in store-design copulation to its competitors, its stores are reputed for their warmth and excellent layout of products. Tesco ensures a customer who enters their stores gets exceptional personal experience through adequate amount of lighting, proper sign boards and neatly dolled up employees highly knowledgeable about the products on sale in the store. As such, Tesco customers can always expect find their way and locate products around the stores with exceptional ease. The products on the shelves are supplied with sufficient information relating to prices and manufacturing ingredients besides being clean. High quality physical layout of Tesco is evident at its virtual store s and websites which have simple design and are relatively user-friendly. In addition, Tesco has made effort to provide its customers with tangible evidence about of the quality of their products and services through brochures and magazines given after every three months.People The people element relates to the evaluation of personnel providing services in terms of their knowledge, competence, customer relations etc. According to Gummesson (1999), everyone in firm in the service industry is a part-time marketer, thus their every actions have great direct impact on the output original by customers. Thus, employees can be said to be the business and are a vital component of the marketing mix. In this regard, Tesco has strived to enrich its human alternative by refining its recruitment methods, training, motivation and rewards schemes for its staff so that they can in turn give excellent service to customers. Tesco staff is divided in six specific groups with particular skills, knowledge and resources to execute their roles to the satisfaction of the customer.Tesco is committed to its values that state No one tries harder for customers as well as We daintiness people how we like to be treated. The supermarket chain believes that by managing its people well, in a culture of respect and trust, employees depart deliver their best to customers while customers will develop loyalty to the company (Tesco 2012, p.2). Tesco has also worked hard to establish excellent buying processes for its customers by providing them with an option of visiting their brick-and-mortar stores in different locations or club online at Tesco.com. In Tesco stores, customers are presented with two efficient options of checking out their products till payment or self-service. Tesco has made significant strides in improving the shopping experience of its online consumers by working to decrease the total amount of time spent on completing an order from the previous one hour to abou t fractional an hour. The supermarket chain has also improved its home delivery service by increasing the number of delivery truck, personnel and the overall time it takes to make the deliveries.Processes The process element relates to the assessment of the entire experience as provided by the service (Charlesworth 2009, p.215). This is particularly crucial as most consumes increasingly perceive the process of shopping as important as the product they purchase, whether it be the calm efficiency of professionally-run department store or the overall excitement of the sale. An effective marketing process entails a variety of processes such as processes of identifying customer needs and demands, processes of handling customer complaints among others. Tesco is committed to its vision of satisfying customers with their products. In general, there are some(prenominal) rallying calls that attest to Tescos utilization of the processes element in its service marketing mix. They include we try to get it right first time, we deliver consistently everyday, we make our jobs easier to do, and we always save time and money, and we know how vital our jobs are.ReferencesChaffey D. & Smith P.R. 2008. E-Marketing excellence. 3rd Ed. Butterworth Heineman.Charlesworth A. 2009. Internet Marketing A practical Approach. 1st Ed. Butterworth Heineman.Gummesson E. 2008. Total Relationship Marketing. 3rd Ed. ButterworthHeineman.HART, S. J. (2003). Marketing changes. London, Thomson.Hassan, A. & Parves, M. 2013. A Comparative Case Study Investigating the Adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) The Case of Tesco and Sainsburys. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 4, No. 1.HUMBY, C., HUNT, T., & PHILLIPS, T. (2008). Scoring Points How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London, Kogan Page.Palmer A. 2005. Principles of Services Marketing. 4th Ed. McGraw Hill.STAIR, R. M., & REYNOLDS, G. W. (2010). Principles of information systems a managerial approach. Boston, Mass, Course Technology, Cengage Learning.THOENIG, J.-C., & WALDMAN, C. (2007). The marking enterprise business success and societal embedding. Basingstoke England, Palgrave Macmillan.Source document

Reflective Essay on Students with Disabilities

In a presentation about parents and families of students with disabilities, the Riley family came up and dual-lane their experiences about living with Catherine, a woman who has Down syndrome. The three presenters who divided up were Molly, Nola, and Catherine. Molly, who is Catherines older sister, talked about what it was like growing up together with Catherine and how it abnormal her life. Nola, Catherines mother, told what it was like bringing and raising a child with Down syndrome in this world. Catherine also shared a bit about her life and how she has been productive despite having a disability.Molly and Catherine are sisters who spent their childhood growing up together. With Molly being only sixteen months older than Catherine, they were very close. They even shared a room together for eighteen years of their life. Molly always made sure that her and Catherine had the typical sister affinity growing up. They did everything together and had the like friends. Catherine wa s expected to fit in with everyone, and non be given excuses. Molly was always a competitive sister which had Catherine constantly working to get an edge.This relationship between Molly and Catherine non only strengthened the bond, but also assistanted the family. With Molly helping Catherine achieve a normal life, this helped Nola out as a mother. Nola a mother of three children, who worked as a teacher for thirty-five years, always had her hands full. She was never too shy to ask bulk for help, with ascertain to Catherine, that provided help, guidance, and support. With physical therapy Catherine was able to learn the things that her sister Molly and brother John were able to do. Besides that, Nola s embolden that the three kids lived a normal life and totally grew up just fine.Nola learned and taught her family to be patient, help each other, to take pleasure in their 3 accomplishments, to encourage each other, to wear fun, and to truly be a family. Being a teacher gave No la an advantage as she always fought for anything that would benefit Catherine in her education. Nola had Catherine put into speech therapy which made a gr flow discrimination in Catherines life, as she can now speak clearly with little difficulty. Everything Nola did for Catherine was to benefit her in anyway and help keep her run foring as normal of a life as possible.Catherine went above and beyond that as she has excelled in many aspects of her life. Catherine has spent her whole life with Down syndrome yet did not let it slow her down and affect how she lived her life. Her family never held her back or kept her from doing the things she wanted to do. Her sister always had that tough love for Catherine which always hale Catherine to do better and word just like any normal sibling would. She always had the support of her family while still being independent, which allowed her to grow and develop into who she is today.Catherine has been leading a successful life, doing many th ings even the average woman her age would not be doing. She is employed as an elementary inclusion aid in the Hazelton Area School District where she has worked since graduating there in 1995. Catherine has belonged to a gym for fifteen years where she does things like cardio, kickboxing, and circuit training exercises. She always strives to eat healthy and maintain a good diet. Her hobbies include poetry, journaling, aerobics, computer, travel, reading, and dancing. Catherine belongs to a local church where she helps out at church functions and serves on the parish.All of these activities and things Catherine does in her life help her not only achieve normalcy 4 in life but success. Her life is probably more than active and outgoing than most people her age which makes it even more of an accomplishment for Catherine. I personally was inspired by this presentation and thought it was a real eye opener. I need gone through life thinking people with Down syndrome can not achieve the same things that people without a disability can and thats just not true. Catherine has proved that she can do anything she wants and can lead a normal life just like anyone else.In fact she probably is more active and outgoing than most women her age are. Also I thought that the presentation really showed that people with disabilities need to be given every opportunity, if not more, to help them succeed in life. Society should not hold them back or limit them just because they have a disability. People with disabilities can lead a normal and great life just like everyone else. This is proved by Catherine, who has developed into the woman she is today, a successful, loving, and friendly woman who just happens to have a disability.

How The Internet Destroys Your Brain? Essay

primal Idea Three ways how the meshing destroying our mind are the profits whitethorn hark back you an addicts mental capacity, your school principal get tired because of lack of sleep and the internet may makes you more lonely and jealous.Main points I. The internet may give you addicts brain. II. Your brain get tired because of lack of sleep. III. The internet may makes you more jealous and lonely Introduction I. Imagine you live in a world without internet. Would you die hard in it?II. I encountered this topic as I was surfing the internet a few weeks ago and I felt responsible to share it to you as most of us use internet in our life for doing assignments, socializing and other sorts of things. III. The internet become a big influence in our periodical life. It is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and sure enough the medium of the future. But, if you spends too much time surfing the inte rnet, it may cause a serious cost to the brain.(Transition) Let me begin with my first main point which is how the internetdestroys your brain.Body I. The internet may give you an addicts brain.The majority of people we see with serious internet addiction are gamers. These physique of people tends to become lazy and because of that their brain assnot function well. People who spends a long hours in roles in various games that cause them to disregard their obligations, Dr. Henrietta Bowden Janes, an Imperial College, London psychiatrist who runs a clinic for internet addicts and problem gamblers, told the Independent.II. Your brain get tired because lack of sleep.We technophiles are accustomed to falling asleep while surfing the internet with laptop glows softly by our beds. Susan Greenfield, a British Neuroscientist said that during her research she suspected the glowing lights emitted by laptop screens ordain disturb the brains sleep mode and mess with your bodys sleep inducing hormones. Exposure to bright lights will probably cause lasting effects as it making people harder to fall asleep, especially for those who struggle with insomnia.III. You may feel more lonely and jealous. kind media makes it easy to connect with othersRecent research by German scientists suggests that constantly viewing images of others vacation photos, personal achievement, etc, can trigger strong feelings of envy. Researchers have been described the phenomenon as Facebook Depression.decisiveness in conclusion we have seen that the internet can do harm especially to our brain that can cause a lot a personal problems to the society.An entire creative and traditional way generations will be slowly wiped out and a non-creative and technology depending generation will be born. Before its too late, a lot of efforts are needed in order to prevent future problems give birth ourselves chance to disconnect from the internet and go outside and meet friends and families to have fun. The best connection is remain connected to our family.

Education policy Essay

Security, feeling information, access to healthc be, prospects of a reasonable job on moral excellence and sound economy ar the ingredients to be extendd by the earth to its citizens to run the state and the connection smoothly. suppuration of successful nations is de n adeptd equatingticularly to the article of faith method. There was a time when multitude believed that uplifted ge atomic number 18r raising should be on go on(predicate) to spate of all favorable classes and, obviously, it was freely available to all who needed it. The fact that it is not, that commonplace bringing up was once available and flat it is precise hard to access is indicative of deep problems in Pakistan.supporting colleges and universities to raise their sustain resources by charging higher fees has clearly excluded a signifi sewert section of bookmans belonging to vile sections of the connection. pedagogy in Pakistan is now so expensive that unfortunate peckt even regard of their children becoming doctors and engineers. Our bringing up body is passing through a very bad phase now and it is regarded as perhaps amongst the poorest in the world. Cream of the Pakistani brain is either becoming idle ascribable to non-availability of ever rising terms of bringing up or going to other countries.UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS bind 1 provides every child has the right to suck equal access to an schooling, irrespective of their color, creed, nationality, ethnicity, or social and financial status, so they may obtain gainful employment and contri pacifye to the ripening of their society, being innate(p) free and equal in dignity and rights. Life for a roughhewn man in Pakistan in this so called elected regime has already become difficult owing to the all-round price rise across the kingdom. Inflation, combined with policies of privatization, has typefaced a complete deterioration in living timeworns of the people.Frankly speaking, there is no such (prenominal) thing as body politic in Pakistan. This type of democracy has often left the common man in constant struggle for survival. Majority of Pakistanis are living in poverty and unsustainable frugal conditions when they are struggling for their livelihood education loses its utility in their eyes and it becomes far from their desire. But for the wealth and powerful corrupt politicians, things are very rosy. Pakistan is suffering terribly for that, with socio-political and economic crises strewn all over the society like a straw hut in a typhoon.Lack of good education and unemployment in Pakistan would contri onlye many social ills, including crime, prostitution, and the break mountain in law and order. In Pakistan, providing education to the wiped out(p)er classes had always been state responsibility. Now there has been a study push for the insular provision of educational services. Moreover, corrupt politicians, feudalism, in honorableice are such problems which defe cate further pressed the most pressed people of the expanse. Education is a tremendous tool for social change as advantageously as an prospect pop of poverty traps.People trapped in the lower classes have trouble climbing out of it because they manageing the tools to do so, because they live in a feudal society that actively works to nurse them there, and education can be a form of escape hatch. But Education dust in Pakistan In Human development Report Pakistan is placed at 136th position for having just 49. 9% enlightened population. In addition to that, Pakistan is ranked at 113th out of 120 registered UN members according to the research conducted by UNESCO et. all. or so of the very staple flaws of the education system in Pakistan contribute to the economic, ethnic and sociopolitical crisis inside the country. Flaws of Education dodge in Pakistan Firstly, the education system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different in some(prenominal), public and individual(a) sector. This create a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. Such a agitated base of operations is a basic cause of high illiteracy browse in Pakistan and high fail out lay outs in rural areas and public civilise.Secondly, regional disparity is similarly a major(ip)(ip) cause. The schools in Balochistan (the largest province of Pakistan by Area) are not that very much groomed as that of Punjab (the largest province Of Pakistan by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29. 5% in males and 3% in females. The third major cause of flawed education system in Pakistan is gender discrimination. The current primary school ratio of boys and girls is 104, which is a cause of huge concern. For the last a couple of(prenominal) eld there has been an increase in the growth of cliquish schools.It is believed that Pakistan is among the most prominent states affected by gender discrimination. That not only ha rms the look of education in Pakistan but create a gap among haves and have nots. Fourthly, the lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the education policy that has never been focused before. Therefore, less technical people meat low standard of education. Fifthly, the allocation of funds for education are very low. It is only 1. 5 to 2. 0 share of the total GDP. It should be around 7% of the total GDP.At that budget allocation, the illiteracy rate in Pakistan would not decrease but earlier increase. The federal official and idyl organisations need to cut down their expenditures in other areas and spend a bigger proportion of income on education. Moreover, the quality of education in most of the public schools and colleges is rise up below par the give instructioners in organisation schools are not well manoeuvreed. People who do not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are not professionally trained teachers so they are u nable to train a nation.Quality of teaching ask special attention in rural areas where the teachers lack in all departments. In America, Europe and most of the developed countries, the emphasis of the states is on maturation virtual education systems i. e. provision of education through online networks. The idea of online education is gathering momentum and many online institutions have been restrict up which offer online courses and online degrees. The Higher Education Commission and Education ministry need to focus on developing a strong online education network so that students through out the country can benefit.Universities such as Harvard, Berkley and MIT are offering online courses and degrees. It reflects the importance of online education in todays new-fangled high tech world. Finally, Poverty is also another factor that restrict the parents to send their children to public or common soldier schools. So, they prefer to send their children to Madrassas where education i s totally free. The government has to make changes to financial infrastructure to improve the situation. edge loans for education purposes should not be interest based as it discourages the people of Pakistan to acquire loans.Education loans are offered at low rates through out the world and it enable people to acquire quality education. Social awareness regarding all these issues need to be spread and we, the people of Pakistan have to work hand in hand with the government authorities to improve the current system. Our children should not be deprived of their basic right to acquire knowledge. All these issues contribute to high illiteracy rate, which in turn result in economic crisis in shape of high unemployment rate and below-par quality of labor.Moreover, the country suffers on social, political and proficient front There are hundred other problems which need attention but the core-issues need to be addressed as soon as possible. You can read my article Pakistans Educational S ystem which is an overview of the education infra-structure within the country. In todays world, the benchmark for excellence is education. Moreover, if a country has a distraught academic infrastructure, the chances to survive in current competitive world are petite. The illiteracy rate in Pakistan is alarmingly high which calls for exact attention.The federal and tike governments need to work together towards emptying of flaws of education system in Pakistan. The first time I thought about education and its importee to this society was when I went on a field trip to a school garb up by an NGO in the late 1990s. It is now a rightly famous NGO but back then during my sixth grade field trip it just seemed like a final cause of a group of cranky Karachi businessmen who had decided to spit against the wind of the governments non-interest in providing education to its people.These rich grouches hadgotten together in the chaos of 1995 Karachi and seeing the government more interest ed in massacring hard-boiled militants than provide social services, they decided to simply pool their own m unitaryy and build their own schools. How benevolent of them. I would love to see these rich mens tax receipts. The citizens of a country shouldnt be dependent on the benevolent charity of rich men. Through their own democratic political process, citizens must enforce upon their richest members the income taxes necessary to fund an education system that reaches every child in the state.The fact that Pakistanis have not done so points towards the weakness of their political system in dealing with its populations educational needs. There is no real shortcut from the state actually enforcing a tax system that extracts the adequate revenue needed to fund the creation of a school tightly fitting every human settlement in Pakistan. The goal I have described of having a school near every human settlement in Pakistan, is what Pakistan is obligated to do under its current supranati onal treaties and the simplest and most straightforward way it can be done. It is certainly not impossible.Pakistan has managed to make sure that no human settlement lacks a mosque. The same needs to be done for schools. Where we went wrong disciplineisation of schools, as was done by the Z. A. Bhutto administration, was a shortcut that cannot be used, and was actually instrumental in ruining government schools. The provincial governments that ran education departments became overstr etc.ed then to the point of breaking. The schools that were nationalised saw the prospect of future capital and human investing in them pointless, as the former owners were now dispossessed of their old stake in the schools.Good teachers left, rather than become government employees to be posted in far flung places, and the lack of good teacher cultivation colleges, a necessity unacknowledged up until recently, saw little competent replacement. By nationalising the missionary (Christian), faith-based (Muslim) and private schools, an unwieldy, unplanned expansion of Pakistans school system reduced the status of government school teachers to the corrupted, incompetent, inefficient place it finds itself in today. Teachers do not come to classes, and if they do, they are ill-prepared to teach.It becomes difficult to weed out and penalise underperforming teachers because their status as government employees prevents them from being penalised as they would be in the private sector. As much as this rhetoric may sound kindred to the United States, Pakistans teachers unions continue to shelter wildly incompetent teachers, who beyond being simply bad at teaching, many times do not even show up. Anti-participatory environment We are not suspensored either by large class sizes, low teacher to student ratios, non-production of teachers in a sufficient quantity and quality by the low hail of Pakistani teacher-training colleges.Central to this remains the criminally low expenditure on ed ucation by Pakistan, and the harm to collect or divert enough revenue to the education sector. Taking the education emergency of Pakistan badly would mean finding means to increase the amounts spent on education in Pakistan, on a war footing. Students cannot themselves push for an effective learning environment. Despite the fact that some students actually do want to learn, the environment that exists in classrooms, does not brook dissent. This discourages students from bringing up flaws in their educational setting.This anti-participatory environment in classrooms is facilitated by excessively large class sizes, which discourages teachers from having more individualised interactions with students. This anti-participatory make out in classrooms is complemented by an anti-democratic trend in schools, where no voting is done to elect new prefects or monitors, rather the relevant students are appointed by the school administration. Giving students an opportunity to actually vote for their school leaders ability inculcate democratic and participatory values in them at an earlier age, and teach them the responsibility of do their own decisions.If and when these students reach Pakistani universities, they can adequately recognise the entrenched authoritarianism accumulated in many of Pakistans universities over the last three decades. Student politics This persistent anti-democratic trend within Pakistans educational establishments has reinforced the low academic quality of these institutions. There is little legitimate expose from the student bodies on how their education is conducted. Since the 1980s student union elections have been either banned or delayed, witnessing unrest in a violent country like Pakistan ripple into campuses as vehemence, as debate to measureddebate.The situation turned chaotic in the 1990s when the general mayhem of the city of Karachi coincided with violence on the Karachi University campus. The presence of such violence made the students of that decade disinterested in participatory politics. This meet the authoritarian and bureaucratic administrations of varsities, as well as the sclerotic, unelected leadership of Pakistans political parties. They did not sagacity that the students of Pakistan slid into political apathy.However, the importance of student politics was re-kindled in the 2007 lawyer-led movement against the dictatorship of General Musharraf. The importance of student politics was even acknowledged by the government that won against Musharraf in 2008, when it lifted the ban on student and trade union elections. However, the twist in the tale has been the glaring domestic democratic shortfall of this government. The anti-participatory atmosphere on campuses has not lifted as no memorable student elections have been held. neither have any well-publicised trade union elections been held.And most significantly, no internal party elections have been held in any party that maintains a decisive nu mber of seats in parliament. What the lack of student democracy has to do with Pakistans state of education is that there is no feedback from students, who are the objects of education. There is no diminishment in the cruel authoritarian atmosphere of Pakistani government classrooms, where teachers, in negligent enough environments can still use sticks to punish students. I never really thought about education in society as a child. That would have been expected of any 11 year old.But when I visited a third grade NGO school classroom in the late 90s and saw another 11 year old struggling with phrases I would read just for fun, it hit me how serious the problem of illiteracy was for Pakistani society. In a misbegotten decade as that one, beyond the Gordian knot we had witnessed of Karachis bloody politics, the reality of childrens mis-education struck me as a crueler fate, a dire issue that had to be resolved immediately. Thats because these ill-educated children would not remain chi ldren much longer. They would soon be badly-educated adults.And if this cruel act of deletion by Pakistani society was not amended quick enough, then one more generation would see their adulthoods wasting away under the 21st century curse of illiteracy. Tax the rich, teach the kids. We have an education emergency on our hands. The Education System of Pakistan is divided into five levels 1. Primary level ( path 1 to 5) 2. Middle level (Class 5 to 8th) 3. Secondary level (S. S. C) 4. Intermediate level (H. S. C) 5. University level (Graduation, Masters and Research) another(prenominal) division of Education System in Pakistan according to the School System 1.1.Public Schools or political sympathies Schools These schools are managed and financed by the government. Unfortunately, the majority of the schools are in poor condition. There is no any deservingness system teachers and other staff are appointed by the ministers on their own wishes. There is no any accountability a large nu mber of GHOST SCHOOLS AND GHOST TEACHERS are listed in the documents. They are receiving funds and pays, but, in reality they did not exists. In Rural areas, the buildings of public schools are mostly held by Waderas and Feudal. They use them as marriage halls, otaks, bethaks etc.Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality. (Henry Fielding) 1. 2. Elite Class Schools (private schools) Due to badly failure of government in providing the Education, the Elite Class Education System in Pakistan got successes very quickly. Today, even poor prefer to send their child in these private schools but because of high fee structure many aspirants are unable to part this Education System. It is generally accepted that, the standard of Elite Class Education System is more reliable and first-rate than Public Schools and Madarsas. There is accountability, hydrofoil and checking system.Generally, the students of private schools are more competent than those of public schools and Mad arsas. The government should take lessons from this Education System. These are ensuant models for the government i. e. CITY SCHOOL, BEACON SCHOOLS, PAK-TURK SCHOOLS etc. 1. 3. Madarsas Madarsas are the largest NGOs of the world. Today in Pakistan about 8000 Madarsas are working. They provide not only Education but also accommodation and food. They provide Islamic as well as worldlyEducation. Mostly, poor parents who are unable to educate their child prefer this Education System.The government should introduce the reforms for the Madarsas and improve their standard. This will be garterful in two ways. Firstly, it will provide free of cost education to poor child. Secondly, it will lessen the burden the government. Before the 18th Amendment, the EducationSystem in Pakistan was the responsibility of federal official Government. The Ministry of Education at Federal level was responsible for formulating Policies, Planning and Promotion of Educational facilities across the country. But , aft(prenominal) the passing of 18th Amendment, the responsibilities of Education System are divided among the Federation and the Provinces.The responsibilities of the Provinces 1. To set the Curriculum 2. To set the Syllabus 3. Standards of Education up to Grade 12 (F. Sc, H. S. C, I. Com, etc). 4. Islamic Education The responsibilities of Federation are pursuance 1. Planning and Policy 2. External Affairs Signing, implementation and monitoring of Bilateral and Multi-lateral Educational Agreements, Pacts, Protocols, MoUs 3. Controlling of Libraries, museums, and similar institutions 4. Federal agencies i. e. FATA 5. Special Studies 6. Inter-provincial matters and co-ordination. 7. Legal, medical and other professions.8. National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of scientific and technological research. 9. National Education Policy and clear cut Domain over the following acts. 1. 1. Centres of integrity motivate 1974 2. Area Study Centres Act 1975 3. Pakistan Study Centres Act 1976 4. National Book Foundation Act 1972 5. Fed. Board of Intermediate & Sec Education Act 1975 6. Federal Directorate of Education Isb. Article 142 (d) 7. Federal supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Standards of Education Act 1976 8. National Education Foundation Ordinance 2002.Source http//www. defence. pk/forums/national-political-issues/125588-education-system-pakistan-good-bad. htmlixzz2PKkMjbtM Flaws hovering over Pakistans education system Filed under ISSUES 0 According to the reports of Human development our country is placed at 136th with just 49. 9 pct educated population. There is lack of uniform education system. Private and Govt. educational institutions has different syllabus. The flaws in education system lead to sociopolitical, economic and ethical issues in our society. Our education system is based on uneven lines.Even the medium of education is different in private and public educational institutions. This inequ ality has divided people among two segments. Such a distressed educational infrastructure is a crucial cause of increasing rate of illiteracy in Pakistan. The regional discrepancy is also main reason illiteracy in Pakistan. The schools in largest province of Pakistan Baluchistan are not establish and sparked as schools in Punjab. There is lack of awareness among people about the significance of education. In FATA the literacy rate is very poor constituting 29. 5% in men and 3% in women.The gender discrimination is also one of the major causes of educational flaws in country which is projecting the boys and girls primary schools ratio 104 correspondingly. In the last few years many new primacy schools for girls and boys are established but still there is need to establish more and more primary schools to meet the educational needs of increasing population. In the last decade the growth of private sector schools is tremendously increased. The private schools trend not just harms the q uality of education but also created a huge gap between rich and poor.The people of lower class couldnt afford the fees of private educational schools and colleges. In public schools there is lack of quality education. There is also shortage of consumed facilities like qualified, train staff, furniture and school buildings etc. Our educational policy doesnt focus on technical education. There are very few technical institutions and less technical trained people in country. The funds allocated for the education are not sufficient the funds are just about 1. 5 % to 2. 0% of total GDP. Although to promote the education the funds must be about 7 percent of total country GDP.With increased education budget the literacy rate in country will surely increased. The provincial and federal Government both need spend a larger portion of their income on promoting education. pen Rizwan Ghani Posted On Tuesday, terrible 02, 2011 Source/Reference www. pakobserver. net Total Views 1320 After 18th Amendment, improvement of education in Pakistan to world(prenominal) standards can be done with help of international frameworks including Program for International Student mind (PISA), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and boards like National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME).Federal and provincial governments have to address the issue of teaching expression ( English, Urdu or regional languages), standardization of political platform, and dealing with two-track education system- Urdu and English medium to take topical anaesthetic and international exams. These tested frameworks can bring the progress of decades in Pakistan bit saving billions of dollars. Thus, Pakistan needs to adopt appropriate policies to raise education standards, sustain economy and earn exotic exchange. The political, social and education complexities of teaching language can be controlled with help of international frameworks.PISA does not require the member states to change curricu lums, teaching languages and teaching methodologies. It allows governments to periodically monitor outcomes of national education systems within internationally agreed framework. It provides a basis for international quislingism in defining and implementing educational goals and skills that are relevant to adult life (professional and social). PISA reading, mathematics and general science frameworks help bring national education at par with international standards.Around half(a) a million 15-year-olds from 75 countries representing 28 million students, participated in PISA 2009 assessments and surveys. Pakistan can use PISA to improving national education standards in all provincial languages (www. pisa. oecd. org). Teaching in local languages can improve Pakistans education standards internationally. According to the 2011 Writing Framework for National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) of America, good writing instruction empowers students to acquire new knowledge and to develop critical thinking skills.This is true of writing in all subject areas, not just English language http //www. state. nj. us/education/assessment/naep/results/writing/2011naep. PISA and NAEP framework rubrics allow student evaluations irrespective of language. Learning and teaching in mother tongue is a universal human right recognized by UN. China, was a top scorers in 2009 PISA testing http //www. nytimes. com/2010/12/07/education/07education. html. It shows education in mother tongue does not affect nations international competitiveness and national education standards.Since education is a provincial subject, therefore provinces should be free to impart education in local languages, make English and Urdu as optional languages. Provinces can issue degrees with pass/fail with English/Urdu or both to free the country from politics of language. It will allow students to continue higher education without passing compulsory languages, which is a major contributor to school and co llege dropouts. It will allow the students to join job market who do not wish to continue with further education. The employer can omit or consider language(s) pass/fail status of aspect at the time of employment.On the other hand, the higher education institutions can keep compulsory languages as part of admission criteria. In line with many American universities, a six months period can be give to first year university students to clear compulsory languages. In terms of syllabus, international frameworks and boards can help Pakistans policy makers develop required syllabuses, fulfill demands of local market, and meet national education objectives to bring national and international education at par. They allow improving exam testing and incorporating modern technology in reading and writing.In addition, they facilitate concerning of national boards to international boards like NBME (www. nbme. org). NBME model allows state medical qualified doctors to take national level exams, upgrade national education and examination standards and link them to rest of the world. It allows tens of thousands of international medical graduates to take United States Medical Licensing Exam without actually studying in American medical colleges. It is equally true for British, Australian and New Zealand medical boards. This model can help cut cost of professional education and fight poverty in Pakistan.Based on these frameworks and models, federal and provincial governments of Pakistan should collaborate to standardize local education and bring it equal to international standards. Islamabad should mince annual summits with China and western countries in line with reports of annual Indo-US higher education summits planning collaboration of universities in both countries. In addition, Pakistan needs to allow private publishers to print books according to the contents of given courses. It will improve concepts of students, standard of books and education.The existing control o f federal government on higher education needs to be changed by allowing provinces complete control of universities, scholarships, hiring, training etc. Federal government needs to become a regulatory body instead of controlling authority and facilitates provinces to standardize higher education, provincial education and bring it equal to international levels. Federal education setup should work with ministry of labor and manpower to identify and develop human resource for interprovincial and overseas market, work with foreign missions to issue annual fancy of overseas jobs and train foreign workers and students.Pakistan needs to organize education to cater to local and international needs, pull foreign investors and earn foreign revenue. Reportedly, America and Britain earned $31bn and ? 8 bn in 2010 from foreign students respectively. China is charging $5333 boarding lodging fee annually for a five-year MBBS and one-year internship. It is also offering seven-year specializatio n degree programs (5 years MBBS and 2 years specialization) in most medical fields. Beijing has gained international recognition through govern tuition fees, transparency, qualified staff and allowing foreign students and teachers in local universities (http //www.4icu. org/cn/).The Chinese model can help Pakistan cut prices of professional education by 50 percent and train surplus number of local and foreign students to sustain domestic and international needs. In line with China, Pakistan should also take necessary locomote to attract flocks of foreign students, interns and investors. Finally, a debate is going on in China on two-track system- one for national college entrance exam (the gaokao) and other for international exams. Imran Khans PTI is deliberating about single education system.Pakistan can overcome challenge of teaching language, two-track system (English and Urdu medium) and bringing local education at par with international with help of international frameworks, N BME and more freedom to provinces. Pakistans Education System and Links to Extremism Author Jayshree Bajoria October 7, 2009 * Introduction * A Dysfunctional System * Government Reform Plans * The Madrassa Myth? * Reforming Madrassas * U. S. Policy Implications.Pakistans poor education system has increasingly become a matter of international concern. Lack of access to quality education, which in turn limits economic opportunity, makes young Pakistanis targets for extremist groups, some experts say. The World Bank says nearly half the adult population of Pakistan cant read, and net primary enrollment rates remain thelowest in South Asia. Experts say the system suffers from inadequate government investment, corruption, lack of institutional capacity, and a poor curriculum that often incites intolerance.In August 2009, chief counterterrorism adviser to the White House John Brennan, summing up a concern held by many U. S. terrorism experts, said extremist groups in Pakistan have explo ited this weakness. It is why they offer free education to impoverished Pakistani children, where they can recruit and indoctrinate the next generation, he said. There have been some efforts by the Pakistani government, Western governments, and the World Bank to reform the system, but serious challenges remain.A Dysfunctional System According to the Pakistani governments National Education Policy 2009 (PDF), three parallel streams in educationpublic schools, private schools, and Islamic religious schools, or madrassashave created unequal opportunities for students. Of the total number of students going to primary school (grades 1 to 5), 73 percent go to public or government schools, 26 percent to private schools, and less than 1 percent to madrassas, according to the Karachi-based policy research institute Social Policy and Development Center.Within the public and the private sector, there are elite group schools catering to a small minority of students. The majority of students at tend low-quality private and public schools with poor curriculum, limited teaching materials, and inadequate number of properly trained teachers, or in many cases absent teachers. No Pakistani leader has had the courage to implement serious education reforms- Pervez Hoodbhoy The government-mandated curriculum is a major concern for Western observers who say it encourages intolerance and a narrow worldview.Except in some elite private schools, which do not follow the government-prescribed curriculum, all public schools and registered private schools have been required to teach Islamiyat, or Islamic studies, for nearly thirty years. In addition to Islamiyat, many scholars have noted that the government curriculum uses Islam for a wide array of controversial ideological objectives, writes C. Christine Fair in the 2008 book The Madrassah Challenge. A 2003 report on the state of curriculum and textbooks by the Islamabad-based independent Sustainable Development Policy initiate (SDPI) sa id that for over two decades.