Developing and Managing Performance (Organisation Essay

Developing and Managing cognitive operation (Organisation - seek ExampleIn order to enhance slaying, it will be essential to develop a revenge system whereby the best performing individuals will be rewarding, thus promoting competency in their undertakings. (Chartered Institute of violence and Development, 2012, p.1). The senior management team will also undergo extensive training on diverse management perspectives, which will ensure that they will guide their juniors appropriately. This will be implanted in name with the current technological developments to ensure that efficiency is enhanced, which would consequently improve the overall performance of the company. 6 Strategies to instrument 6 Reward System 8 Challenges and How to Overcome Them 8 Conclusion and Recommendations 10 Developing and Managing Performance in an Organisation Executive Summary This report contains a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the several(predicate) challenges faced when implementing and developing performance management and reward strategy. It puts forward the Bath model elaborating on how it whoremaster be used for performance management moreover, a reward strategy has also been put in place with its significance universe indicated. Significantly, the report starts by evaluating the challenges that are known to initiate from implementation, since this is known to be the basis of all the other problems, and proposed a number of ways that they can be countered so as to ensure that the strategical plan goes through to the end without any difficulties altogether. Introduction Over the years, there has been a lot of attention given to performance management and development with the demand for thorough information being actually intensified with the economic downfall. Human resources specialists have toiled to make sure that they keenly evaluate performance between relevant and fair measures place most of their focus and efforts on essential aspects of any business . Essentially, the unlike efforts have circled around making sure that the processes are similar in nature with the requirements of a ever-changing breed of line manager, and stream line the systems that are paper based and facilitate admittance through media. Nonetheless, most of the human resource strategies that have been implemented in the past are also cogitate on ensuring that managing the performance delivers in an environment where the evolution of numbers and effect on organisational brand and foot is based on the ways of the business success. Concurrently, the report focuses on evaluating the challenges an organisation may incur when putting into place a performance and reward strategy using knowledge from the results of past case studies and theories from divergent specialists on the field, but mostly on human resources. Currently, the nature of practice is altering with diverse organisations and corporations operational in more of a specialized network that is also flexible and natural basically, the frequency of strategic partnering arrangements between organisations increasing the need for management relationships to be managed beyond the organisation and hence further work is required. On the other hand, reward systems are also a critical part of any organisations frame and how well they are compatible with the rest of the systems has an equal effect on to what extent they will be

Why Do We Fight Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why Do We Fight - Coursework ExampleThe USA encroach with the Al- Assad authorities began panache in 2012. In 2013, the region experienced a quest for regime change affecting nearly of the regions in the Middle East and Levant regions (Blanchard et al, 2014). The internal matters become a global issue one time the passive powers got involved. The inaugural internal conflict took place early in 2011 when rebels called for regime change and act with the existing regimen. This escalated into a civil war that left millions displaced. The issue destabilized the region. The Kurdish region of Kobani would stage another(prenominal) internal conflict that would draw international attention (Dunne, 2013). An uprising calling for independent Islamic states blush wine and affected the region. The USA and her allies called for joint efforts to curb this movement. This would, later on, escalate into USA- Syrian conflict. Dunne (2013) attributes the internal conflict to failures by the gov ernment to control activities within its borders. The loss of confidants from a given percentage of the Syrian created populate for the rebels to advance in their activities. USA interests in the region Three major points drove the military actions against the region. The first point is to aid the rebel in ending the Al- Assad rule. This is enhanced by the fact that the current regime is opposed to the USA involvement in the Middle East. There was needed for a collaborative government in the region that would ensure the USAs policies are executed with less resistance.

Irrigation and Water Distribution Research Paper

Irrigation and Water Distribution - look into Paper ExampleWater conservation is a general reference to methods or procedures applied for the utilisation of achieving a reduction in body of piddle usage or consumption. Around the world, in that respect are a wide variety of methods associated with water conservation, for an equally wide variety of purposes. Regardless of diversity in technique, there is a primary objective common to all the methods- the use of less water while achieving irrigations infallible end. Needless to say, the interplay between the reduction in water consumption and achievement of viable irrigation introduces the question of water use efficiency.In irrigation, water reuse and recycling become crucial considering the heavy use of the mental imagery (water), and indeed its wastage. The FAO Corporate Document Repository states in a report that 40% or more of the water diverted for irrigation is wasted at the farm level through either deep percolation o r surface runoff. Moreover, water conservation has been found to be a exist-effective way to envision increased water demands. Conserving water by consuming less, wasting less or reusing more reduces cost and postpones or eliminates the need for expensive and environmentally damaging new dams or similar water add projects. (Texas Water Matters).For centuries, water reuse and recycle have been an integral part of the techniques applied to the irrigation of land, for effective ecosystem guidance (Noah). Without doubt, it is not totally devoid of drawbacks, in an environmental context. However, as a result of its relatively infixed mode of application, it has (and is) successfully been used in many places around the world to achieve environment-friendly irrigation. Rain growth and Water Conservation- Usefulness And Applicability in Irrigation The interconnected nature of the entire ecosystem and the hydrological cycle ensures that ensures that irrigation does not attend in isola tion. For this crucial reason, water conservation as applied to irrigation, assumes greater relevance regarding the availability of water for other uses. A vital approach is that the end-use of water needs to feature more prominently in the methodology considerations of irrigating land. For instance, gray water usage- an aspect of water conservation- basic as it may be, surprisingly encapsulates the is water-efficiency philosophy. one of water conservations archaicst forms, gray water use is generally believed to be unsuitable for irrigating certain types of ground or plants- on account of its high acidic or chemical content- and in certain places (such as California) is limit by legislation as applicable only to non-edible plants (Alyce). However, the author notes, it finds reasonable applicability, being useful in the subsurface irrigation of non-edible plants. Conservation, in such a case, has successfully helped avoid a situation of wastage or inefficiency through a proper re cognition of end use, even in this most basic or crude mode of irrigation. Other aspects of water conservation also appear to be naturally inclined to efficiency, in particular with the end use of water properly defined.

Effective Bookkeeping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effective Book withholding - Essay ExampleA failure to keep books properly can have very real ramifications for a school, a district, and the workers in it it could cause yearning scandal and cost people jobs and the district money. Furthermore, regular audits argon done to ensure that all moneys are accounted for in reasonable ways, meaning that mistakes will get found and will have real consequences for everyone in the chain of bookkeeping, which could possibly accommodate dismissal. It is difficult to overemphasize the importance of proper bookkeeping. This will simply function as a refresher, please remember that the full description of appropriate policies and legislation relating to school accountancy can be found in the Tennessee Internal School Uniform Accounting Policy Manual. at that arrange are several things that can lead to effective bookkeeping, and it is firstly historic to emphasize basic and aboriginal commonplace rules before moving on to the special(preno minal)s. Firstly, a record keeping must be not bad(p) and complete. Any transaction including school cash in hand should be kept in a safe location, unionised by date and able to be recalled at will. Secondly, transparency is of fundamental importance. If anything does seem to be amiss, it is my debt instrument as principle to immediately notify a superior, and thus it is your responsibility to immediately notify me. ... These include funds of a variety of sources, including rental fees for non-district use of school property, student activity fees, donations, and even including cafeteria money. mavin of the most strategic and sometimes irking aspects of accounting is that specific fees sometimes need to be assigned to specific tasks, and cannot be used for other tasks. A schools general fund, which constitutes money gained for the operation of a school, for instance, are only allowed to be use to supplement and not to replace the obligations of the school board, for instance. This means that date the general fund should not be used for school repairs, for instance, which are the responsibility of the district. Thus it is important to keep auditors happy and the whole process smooth that we be very conservative when administering funds, keeping advertent track of the money flow and be able to demonstrate that moneys collected under one fund, the general fund, for instance, are not used in inappropriate, or even seemingly inappropriate ways. Thus, it is incredibly important to keep strong firewalls between different kinds of funds used by the school, and flag any funds that might transfer between the two. Finally, it is of the greatest importance that enough inherent controls are in place to ensure that the school is not damaged or defrauded, and that moneys are not misused. There can be very serious consequences from lack internal controls, including bank deposits being stolen, money being diverted for internal use, and so forth. This means things dis cussed above such as physical control of records, but also mundane tallying of cash flows in and out (in cafeterias, and with cash registers, for instance) as well as ensuring proper security

Business functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business functions - Essay ExampleThey become partners for running the furrow efficiently. For starting a partnership origin all(prenominal) the partners needs to sign different legal agreements. By this the partners contri thates money, divides profit and design different business operation or activities which will be under their control. coalition business can be of medium size or big. The owners of this business be not personally liable for any business losses or credit.Private limited follow or business is a voluntary organization. This grapheme of business can turn over more than one owner but not more than fifty. This business has proper legal existences. For starting a private limited company the owners have to undergo through different legal formalities. The business has to be registered under company act. Shareholders of these companies are its owners. For performing its business activities private limited company has to follow different legal rules and regulation o f the sphere where it is operating its business.The company whose shares are sold and purchased in stock market is known as humanity limited company. Any slew can purchase and sell share of public limited company. This typesetters case of company strictly follows legal rules and regulations of business. The company needs to disclose its financial position to its investors for determining the tax of its shares. Public limited company can or cannot be listed in stock exchange. Many people are the owners of this type of company.In unlimited liability business, the owner of company has unlimited liability of all debts and credits of business. Another name of unlimited liability company is private unlimited company. It is hybrid type of business which can be run with or without share capital. The shareholders of unlimited liability company have too many non limited obligations for meeting business requirements. The partners or shareholders of this company accept all these unlimited liabilities to avoid double taxation

Prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmates Essay

Prison life and strategies to decrease recidivism upon an inmates passing game from prison - Essay ExampleIn the US, the rate of recidivism is estimated to be approximately two-thirds of all released inmates (Andrews & Bonta, 1994). This means that at least two-thirds of prisoners released will ultimately be re-imprisoned deep down a period of three years. High recidivism judge impose immense prices with regard to public safety, as well as tax dollars apply in arresting, prosecuting and imprisoning re-offenders. Due to these high costs, programs for inmates, as well as released prisoners, which reduce recidivism, can prove cost effective, even in the event of modest success (Perkinson, 2010). This paper will consider the US prison system, describing its aspects such as prison life, the existence and effectiveness of programs that reduce recidivism and programs aimed at reintroducing released prisoners into society. Purpose for Prisons in the US As an institution, the prison pla ys a critical role in the society. The US justice system bestows on prisons various roles. The first essential role is rehabilitation prisons offer convicts with second chances to appreciate and l procure from their misconducts and change. In essence, prisons help inmates reflect on their lives and search for ways through which they can coexist peacefully within the society. In addition, prisons offer inmates with learning environments in which they acquire new skills essential in enabling them earn decent livelihoods after their release (Armitage, 2002). Another critical role of prisons is deterrence and punishment aimed at reject inmates and others within the society from committing similar crimes. Forms of punishment vary contingent on the crimes committed, ranging from hard labor to the oddment penalty. Such punishment deters others in the society from committing crimes, thus ensuring peace and harmony within the society (Andrews & Bonta, 1994). Moreover, prisons provide just ice to victims of crimes. Because law centers on justice and equity, victims of crimes receive justice through the incarceration of those that harmed them. The incarceration of a wrongdoer provides closure to the victim of the crime. Lastly, prisons in the US protect the public from threats to security and safety as incarceration deters criminals such as serial killers and rapists from committing crimes within the society. Current fleshs in US prisons The present condition of US prisons is less than ideal. Prisoners presently live in deplorable conditions characterized by extreme overcrowding. The situation in US prisons provides a viable environment for crime to thrive within prison boundaries. Perkinson (2010) poises that the California and Texas prisons, which argon the biggest in the US, have, in the last thirty years, experienced an eight fold increase in the cast of prisoners incarcerated. Despite the growing number of inmates, funding for prisons has barely increased, makin g it difficult to meet the needs of prisoners (Armitage, 2002). short(p) funding makes it difficult for prisons to teach prisoners effective skills to enhance their re-introduction into society. Although the US encompasses 5% of the global population, its prisons encompass 25% of the global prisoner population this indicates the enormity of the issue. Increased congestion in US prisons is also credited(predicate) to increased levels of crime and recidivism in the US. This congestion diminishes the rehabilitative role of prisons as congestion makes it difficult

Adverse Impact & Business Necessity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

untoward Impact & Business Necessity - Essay ExampleThis impact is more inclined on the ancestry side, may be through selection for a job, promotion, hiring amongst others.Landy (2005) indicates that adverse treatment is different from adverse impact. inauspicious treatment refers to a form of discrimination that stools place when a particular pigeonholing of individuals be in truth treated in a different way, as opposed to another group (Mathis & Jackson, 2008). One group in the workplace is favored. At times, the form of discrimination is intentional, at times it is not, but all in all the discrimination is palp adequate to(p). Landy (2005) gives an example of adverse treatment whereby the Blacks rules and rights argon violated, but the same does not take place in the case of the whites. The Blacks, in this case, are a discriminated lot. This, in essence can be discussed negatively in an il licit point of view.According to Mathis & Jackson (2008), business necessity refers to a take to the woods by the organizations to come up with safe and effectual operations in the organization that are accommodate to ensuring that the organization is run in a reasonable and free way. It is of essential nature that the employers have the required requirements to be in a position to impart the same on the employees, with a lot of legal inferences on this conception.Business necessity allows for safe and successful operations by the employers, in the case of lotion to equal employment prospects. With the obligatory educational credentials by the employers, Mathis & Jackson (2008) indicate that they are able to carry out the required tasks that are correlated to the job. It is probable, in this case, to make sure that there are just employment opportunities for all employees, with the emphasis of non-retaliatory job practices, and other bona fide job credentials. Business necessities and job relatedness are highly correlated. In this case, employers work in line wit h the stipulated rules and regulations that govern employee

Measuring customers satisfaction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measuring clients contentment - look Paper ExampleThe importance of customer contentment is that loyal customers ar more likely to hump back to the same business and this improves the profitability of the company due to increased sales which comes from loyal customers (Tarasi, Bolton, Gustafasson and Walker, 2012). They are likely to come back even if the price is lower on the competitors emplacement due to satisfaction they touch on from their supplier. The loyal customers are likely to recommend to their friends about the satisfaction they get from their supplier hence increasing the customer base of a business leading to realization of more profits. Acquiring a new customer is 20 times harder than maintaining a customer hence its responsible and costly for a business to look into focusings of acquiring new customers (Tunner, 2012).Measuring customer satisfaction development American client Satisfaction Model (ACSM)This is a cause and effect model with indices for drive rs of satisfaction on the left view, satisfaction in the centre and outcome resulting from satisfaction on the right side and both are weighed with several questions within a model. The drivers of customer satisfaction include customer scene together with perceived tone and perceived values, which are important aspects in measuring customer satisfaction. The questions assesscustomer evaluations of the determinants of severally index which are reported on 0 to 100 scales depending on various ways the customer responds in relation to goods and services from the company. The figure below represents the ACSI Model Adopted from http//www.theacsi.org/the-american-customer-satisfaction-index From the above figure, it can be deduced that ACSI has three important component that determine its measurements and they are perceived quality, perceived value and customer expectations. Customer expectation measures customer anticipation of the quality of a companys product and services and it rep resents preliminary consumption experience and a forecast of companys ability to deliver high quality products in future. The customers complaints are measured as a percentage of the respondents who complain and this is apply to gauge the various responses in customer satisfaction index (Angelova and Zekiri, 2011). Measuring customer expectation using King County Method This plan establishes three cross cutting guidelines that relate the customer satisfaction, get and the need to improve services in response to customers. This method id service oriented, results focused and innovative in the way that learning from experiences ambles seeking of new results. This method of customer satisfaction focuses on customers, employees and managers hence informing opportunities for full general improvements (King County, 2013). The following diagram represents King County Process of Customer Satisfaction measurement Adopted from www.kingcounty.gov Types of industries There are various types of industries on the type of services they provide to their customers over time. Primary industries are concerned with riposte of goods and are nature oriented industry since they require very little human effort. Manufacturing industries are in use(p) in transforming raw materials into finished products by the used of machines combined with manpower in a extremely specialized environment. Service industries are co

Benefits of Privatization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benefits of Privatization - Essay Ex colossalPrivatization has been see by various organizations without the world everyplace a long period of time. Various organizations that were owned and controlled by the presidential term sector defend been denationalised collect to the several benefits associated with privatization. One of the main reason collectable to which governments tend to choose to privatize a previously state owned traffic is the starture of the government to enlist the business in a an effective and efficient manner. This is mainly because governments end up operating the business for the interest of politicians that are ruling the government and not transactioning in the favor of the public of item nation. This writing will focus on the various benefits that have experienced by organization payable to privatization while debating the other side of the coin. Body Benefits of Privatization There have been various theories that favor privatization and ther e have been various practical incidences when privatization has resulted in huge benefits to organizations and even nations. Privatization is pursued by organizations because the public sector has failed to operate in a profitable manner and the management of public organizations has not done their job in a proper manner. Governments themselves favor privatization and this happens as a result of the increased burdens experienced by government because of state ownership of organizations. When organizations are controlled by the government, governments tend to provide goods and services to the public in knead of subsidies, the management of such organizations work for the benefit of the overall population rather than meeting the demands of individual groups due to which organizations fail to meet the demands of the public and the unions in state owned organizations exercised higher amount of power than unions of organizations that are controlled by the private sector. Due to failure of the government sector to address the contracts and wants of the individual groups, individuals experienced dissatisfaction. According to surveys conducted by Donahue, in the region of United States organizations have experienced lower operating apostrophize when they were privatized as compared to the period when they were under the control of the government (Holzer 88). Another reason due to which organizations become privatized is that governments do not operate with the main aim of maximizing net income for the organization and the shareholders of the organization. There tends to be ample amount of changes in the governance of organizations due to which these organizations become inefficient. Lastly, the pressure on governments is low as they do not have to worry about the bankruptcy of the organization as these organizations are never allowed to fail and they are financed by the tax money. Another reason due to which organizations are privatized is because this process hel ps the government in increasing their revenue. When organizations are owned by the public sector, organizations do not pay taxes and become a burden on the tax payers to continue operating as they even do not work to attain profits. When organizations are privatized, they are obliged by the regulations to pay taxes on the profits they make and the profits they earn are used to fund the operations of the organization. Due to increase in the amount of taxes obtained through private enterprises, government is able to decrease its budget deficit as they do not need to obtain loan for operating the nation and they operate the nations with the revenue earned

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

policy-making Science - Essay ExampleFrom this research, found out and made very remarkable conclusion. It is well beyond reasonable doubt that indeed there is a race that exists between the level of illiteracy of nations with plus environment for democracy to be effectively exercised and flourish. This statistical analysis certainly supported the hypothesis raise under scrutiny in this research. Undoubtedly, we realize from the data analyzed that there is a negative relationship between the level of illiteracy and democracy I nations. This proves the hypothesis that countries with higher literacy rates argon more(prenominal) democratic than those with lower literacy rates.This paper makes a conclusion that the obvious implication of this finding is that as nations reach out to eradicate illiteracy, there is creation of awareness among the citizens regarding their freedoms, rights and obligations as citizens. Moreover, this research is instrumental in promoting democracy in dev eloping worlds. This is because it digs deep to the root causes of tyranny and the rise of despotic and rebel movements in this states. bit illiteracy alone does not stand to eradicate he democracy problem in these countries, it is a sure leap in ensuring that democracy is sustained and the long term even in countries where the voters are least concerned with the essence of the voting exercise. Eradicating illiteracy is a sure fire way of reawakening societies and let the citizens understand the real issues of the society. Finally, this research is a proof that indeed literacy eradication is vital if developing nations offer to propel themselves in economic development.

Diversity of Islamic ruling in the Practice of Islamic Finance Essay

Diversity of Moslem ruling in the Practice of Islamic Finance Industry - assay ExampleComparative Analysis on the Sources of Islamic ShariaThe Islamic fair play governs the religious sector, the affectionate aspects, and similarly the financial as well as economic aspects of the Muslim society. The Sharia is wide and was make on the basis of the life of Prophet Mohammed by the Muslim scholars. The Islamic law influences the profound edict in the Muslim communities. This is a set of laws and also regulations that are put to rule the Islamic countries. The sharia law law applies in the areas like custody, the personal status including marriages and divorces, inheritances, and the economy of the Islamic society (Letha 2011). The word sharia further agent path in the Islamic community. It means the set guidelines that rule all the areas of a Muslim individual. This includes the day-by-day routine of an individual, the religious sector, and also the financial aspects of the Musl im society. The laws are from the life experiences and lessons, teachings, and practices of the prophesier Mohammed. The past and the original Muslim community apply these precedents and the analogy from the book to address issues that affect the Islamic society (Johnson & Vriens 2011). The law developed from the prophet who acted as a role model for the Muslim community. The Muslim scholars developed also the hadith. This sharia law is currently used by the population in the compass north and west move of Africa and also on the eastern parts of china (Johnson & Vriens 2011).... The sharia law applies in the areas like custody, the personal status including marriages and divorces, inheritances, and the economy of the Islamic society (Letha 2011). The word sharia further means path in the Islamic community. It means the set guidelines that rule all the areas of a Muslim individual. This includes the daily routine of an individual, the religious sector, and also the financial aspe cts of the Muslim society. The laws are from the life experiences and lessons, teachings, and practices of the prophet Mohammed. The past and the current Muslim community apply these precedents and the analogy from the book to address issues that affect the Islamic society (Johnson & Vriens 2011). The law developed from the prophet who acted as a role model for the Muslim community. The Muslim scholars developed also the hadith. This sharia law is currently used by the population in the north and west parts of Africa and also on the eastern parts of china (Johnson & Vriens 2011). The Quran contains a compilation of the life and the practices of prophet Mohammed. Islamic law is also referred to as the Sharia in the Arabic and in the Muslim community. It is regarded as a deep and also a rich form of intellectual tradition. The Islamic law is bounteous with well-developing schools of thought. The tradition encompasses scholarly tomes and detail analysis with principles, texts, and oth er proofs. The Islamic economy in Arabic is fiqh, from understanding. It signifies the efforts of legal specialists to interpret the Sharia and apply it to particular human circumstances. A train expiry in jurisprudence is referred to as a faqih and is often when addressing the faqih it goes with the honorific

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified Essay

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan confirm - Essay ExampleBut was Trumans decision justified or was ill informed? A controversial event in history that has divided scholars even up in the middle, the use of the Atomic Bomb was but a justified decision that spared the unite States an estimated 250,000, mayhap more, sure fatalities in there planned invasion of japan in addition to millions of Japanese soldiers and civilians alike designate for a bloody fight-to-the-death battle in defense of a beloved fatherland. The True Story piece of music the weight of the fateful decision fell properly on the shoulders of Truman, the origins of the weapon began with the Roosevelt administrations tending of a parallel development of the same by Germ some(prenominal). Leo Szilards confidential letter to the and then President Franklin Roosevelt, signed off by his longtime friend and collaborator Albert Einstein, discoverlining Germanys concerted efforts on nuclear weapons formed the found ation of the Manhattan Project S-1, one of the largest, best-kept secret, massive resource consuming, scientific undertakings ever witnessed in history (Walker 311-312). Indeed, even Truman, the then vice president had no knowledge of the project and only learnt of it in office. Though actively engaged in atomic research, German scientists, as it would later turn by right after Germanys surrender, were far from reaching a fissionable chemical combination that could reelect results rivaling the United States. Japans similar initiatives were thrown into disarray in April 1945 with a B-29 raid on Tokyo facilities leaving anything of the sort inundated. (Frank 252-253). The fall of the previously Japanese controlled Marianas Islands early in the campaign gave the United States formidable footholds of bringing the war closer home to the remaining Japanese strongly-held islands. With surrender heavily disdained, keep directives from Imperial General Headquarters IGHQ detailed in the Pl an for the Conduct of Future Operations went out on the 24th July, 1944 with four points 1. Patriotic defense of the Philippines, Ryukyu, Kurile, Formosa, Japan Islands and the entire Japanese homeland from the shoreline right into the interior. 2. Massive annihilation of the Allies by sea, land and by the remaining air power for any attempted advance through the United States planned amphibious assault to the crucial areas the Sho-Go Operations. 3. The last twain points called for the prevention of American B-29 aircraft attacks operating from chinaware to ensure better cover overrunning China bomber bases to up to(p) up continental railroads as an alternative route to their Southern Resources Area. 4. Identifying alternative southern sea routes particularly to the China Coast to safeguard important military shipments (Bradlley 189). With the new SHO operations that basically enlarged mobile defense writ, Japan hoped to gain decisive victory no matter the beachhead attacked by t he enemy. SHO-1 and SHO-2, the battles of Philippines and Formosa-Ryukyu were planned for august followed by SHO-3 and SHO-4 in the home islands and Hokkaido scheduled for October 1944. Having identified possible planned landing bases by the invasion forces, the purportedly defeated Japanese strategically stationed themselves to meet the visitors head-on at an equal strength. As a tactical approach, they Japanese planned to abandoned direct combat with the powerfully

The Project Management Process and Planning Essay

The regard Management Process and Planning - Essay ExampleThe paper presents the project focusing process as an important component of all major national, international and global projects. Considering the magnitude of the Channel Tunnel project, it would be inappropriate for anyone to think that the application of basic project caution processes were absent from the venture. Indeed, project management has been set forth as both an act and a science as the Microsoft Project Users Group notes that project management is the science (and art) of organizing the components of a project, whether the project is development of a new product, the launch of a new service, a marketing campaign, or a wedding. In a very broad sense, this definition brings out the centre of attention and importance of project managing the Channel Tunnel project. Noting that the project management process has five major stages or steps namely definition of project, formulation of project, execution of project , control of project and closure of project, Mathias posits that all these stages were amply covered under the verbalism of the Channel Tunnel. Hamilton notes that the first two shapes of the project, which are the definition and planning phases started several(prenominal) years before the actual implementation of the project. In his estimation, talks on the project started right by and by the World War I and that British strategic sensitivities did plans for the construction of a Channel Tunnel, which were brought before the commissioning of Imperial Defence for discussion in the autumn of 1919.... It was also envisioned that the project would complete in five (5) years. Furthermore, it was consented that the project would cost 2.6 billion British pounds. The execution phase of the project saw the construction of English and France portions of the channel as the project was a joint project by those two countries. more than to the rail channels, thither was also a vehcle shutt le termination at Coquelles and Cheriton. The vehicle shuttle terminal at Coquelles was as part of the execution machine-accessible A16 motorway whiles the Cheriton vehicle shuttle terminal was connected to the M20 motorway (Rafael, 2009, p.22). Monitoring was taken seriously as there was a technology inclined shape up to monitoring the project. Pompee (n.d. p. 4) for instance reports that A real-time computerized reporting system allowed to monitor remotely, day by day, surface on all aspects of the project. The project was closed and commission in May 1994. Planned Specifications The planning phase of the project management process is very important and so has been set aside for comprehensive summary under this section. Looking critically through some of the programmes outlined above, under the planning phase, it would be seen that there was indeed a lot of work committed into the planning phase of the Channel Tunnel project. This avouchment has every justification that it d eserves because planning serves as the anchorage for the successful implementation of the entire program. In management studies the subject component where the construction of major projects like the Channel Tunnel falls under, the issue of planning becomes even more important and distinguishing. In management,

Leadership and Organisational Performance Essay - 1

Leadership and Organisational Performance - Essay ExampleThe modern world is witnessing deepen as almost a continuous phenomenon Globalization, Optimization, Transformation, matchedness, etc. The dynamics of the global markets & corresponding businesses have caused change magnitude pressures on the modern leaders to defy & improve organizational performance. Proactiveness, Analytics, Research, Honesty, Out of Box thinking, Continuous Learning, cognition Sharing & Management, Directions, Team Motivation, Skill Management & Enhancement, Evolution & Focus on strategic Organizational Goals, guest Orientation, Sound Governance, Technology Understanding & Leveraging, Automation, etc. are key attributes of a Modern Leader in order to establish the road to achiever & take the entire organization along with him/her on this path towards well thought of & established goals. All successful leaders are the ones who have been successful to sustain & enhance the performance of the organizat ions they lead and ensure success & good image among Public, Customers, Stake Holders, Government & Employees. To grow, inflate & be successful in the modern Global Competitive markets, the Leadership Team of an organization should social structure & manage the internal system to ensure Flexibility, Creativity and Excellence by addressing the following building blocks of successResult Orientation The internal system is completely fine-tuned towards achievement of results that delight the customers, stakeholders, the board, the Government and the Employees.Customer The interior System is strongly oriented towards customer focus to achieve optimum levels of Customer Satisfaction.Management by data & facts The technology enablement of the internal system such(prenominal) that adequate data is captured from all the systems and modelled in product line Intelligence Systems such that the exact performance of offsetes within the organization and their reasons are clearly evident. Peop le elaboration People are involved in strategic decision making such that decisions are taken based on ideas from wider groups within the organization and not just by virtue of the thought process of few individuals sitting on the top.People Development The skills & capabilities of people are developed in such a way that their consolidated outputs form a large competency model of the organization that supports the Competitive Advantages of the organization in the target markets & businesses.Partnership Development Developing efficient & competent partners to the business every from within the organization or from the external marketContinuous Learning Developing internal companionship Management Framework to capture all explicit knowledge and also to ensure transition of mum knowledge into explicit knowledgeInnovations, Technology Enablement & Automation The success of an organization depends a lot on the underlying IT systems & the corresponding processes that are used to effec tively automate the business transactions of the

Multi-national operation and risk management of Debenhams plc Essay

Multi-national operation and risk management of Debenhams plc - Essay ExampleIt is in nimbleness of this that Debenhams has been brought under the spotlight for a through marketplace analysis on how the fraternity presents itself on the worldwide market and seeks to better its financial performance through the engagement of various forms of globalisation strategies. Whiles initiating globalisation strategies, it is too admitted that on that point are risks that can easily prevent the union from growing to the level it desires. Risks management strategies at bottom the company are therefore scrutinised to balance the discussion. Company Description Not completely is Debenhams listed on the capital of the United Kingdom Stock Exchange nevertheless it is also a member of the FTSE 250 index (Davidson, 2010). Currently, the company emphasises on UK, Ireland and Denmark as its major market destinations. This notwithstanding, there are number of international franchise that operat e under the gens of the company. As of 2012, the total number of UK, Denmark and Ireland householdd locations for the company were 172 and those operating as international franchise were 68 stores across 25 countries (Alter, McLaughlin & Melniker, 2008). The company is currently engaged in retail chain departmental stores, which delegacy that it is not a manufacturer of the products that it sells out to customers. In effect, the company does not source raw materials but depend on suppliers who deal directly with the manufacturers of the various products that the company displays on its shelves. The operational industry of the company mainly focuses on the sale of electrical and electronic products, clothes, accessories, cosmetics, gifts, toys, shoes and home furniture. The operating income with which the company went into the 2012 yearbook market was ?158.3 million, out which ?2,229.8 million was produced as revenue and ?125.3 million as net income (Kingdon, 2013). The operations of the company in all its local and international stores are run by a powerful 29,000 employee base that undertake all forms of duties ranging from managerial positions to cleaning (Kloha, Weissert & Kleine, 2005). Financial Performance and Globalisation Strategies Gross dealings honour Since 2008, Debenhams has focused its strength on competitive global marketing on two larger market segments, which are UK and International market segments. Together, these two form the group market for the company. To measure its profitability ratio, there is a lot of emphasis on the gross transaction regard as that the company creates, as this value represents the unadulterated quantum of revenue accrued by the company over given period of time (Groves, Godsey & Shulman, 2012). From the add-in below, it would be noted that there has been a steady rise in the physical quantum of gross transaction value for both UK and international markets. However, these increases have not come at an even int erval of result as the figure shows that there are years that the percentage rise goes down even though they do not represent negative growth trends. What is more, the margin of percentage growth has always only been minimal, indicating that the company

Economics - Discussion for online class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economics - Discussion for online class - Essay ExampleIn terms of frank economic principles, satisfied customers would lead to greater demand or essentially an increase in demand. However, surveys quest that retailers operating with Groupon do not plan to issue similar deals for another six months or so once they have allowed one deal package (Sloane, 2012).From Groupons perspective this means one involvement only a noticeable decrease in demand once retailers have used Groupon as a fast marketing tool. Essentially Groupon has the resources to galvanize large numbers of customers since it is connected to those customers. Retailers working with Groupon put on this power of Groupon by using flash marketing by allowing deals to take place. Careful buyers will be expecting more deals in order to shop more but retailers will never be diligent to sell their goods or services at discounted prices repeatedly. Hence, this would lead to a demand decrease on the ruin of the retailers fo r Groupons services. This decrease in demand has affected Groupons business the most since supply is hushed available though at unfavorable price

Concussions in football Essay Example for Free

Concussions in football EssayInjuries in professional sports atomic number 18 al agencys occurring, moreover in football the risk of injury is much higher considering it is a attain sport. Although One of Americas most precious pastimes American Football is the most dangerous sport be perform of the risk of stripes. Concussions in football learn been a study concern though the years especially in fresh years and the seriousness of this particular injury must be bought to the attention of not only the hunt downers, but to the media and professional leagues . Advancements in technology and health protocols pay back brought attention to the actual severity of shocks in football. some NFL players that have had a concussion, or multiple concussions, not only struggle when they surrender to the field, but to a fault struggle with normal aspects of their lives. The relevance of concussions has risen so far as of late, that former NFL players who previously suffered from conc ussions have gotten together to sue the NFL for improper information and protocol when they suffered their concussions.The concern of concussions has risen to a point where people have debated whether football should be banned altogether. The risk of concussions in football is very high compared to different sports. The constant contact and trauma that the head takes from being hit can sometimes lead to a concussion, but they are unremarkably sustained through atomic number 53 powerful hit to the head. The carry on of integrity player speed into another has almost twice the strength then one person running into a standing, or placed individual (Onion). This would prove noteworthy for the kickoff or punt return aspect of football.During these situations the opposing teams are running spacious speed toward each other, and the ball carrier is usually the one who is at the most risk for concussion. The discussion of removing kickoffs and punts has been a major emergence of disc ussion because of these points. there are also different levels of concussions. A minor concussion or grade one concussion may involve being dazed, head ringing, a minor headache, and a very brief blemish of consciousness. A more severe concussion such as a grade 2 concussion may cause being blacked out, confusion, a pounding headache, and blurred vision.The most server concussion or grade 3 concussion may cause being blacked out, nausea or vomiting, loss of slight term memory, and saying the same thing over and over(Swierzewski). The most dangerous symptoms occur when a player is cleared to play before he has fully recovered from their concussion. When an athlete is cleared to play before he has fully recovered that is when death can occur. Retired players that have played professional football at some time in their animation who sustained concussions have also had many problems in their retirement.One of these many retired players include former defensive lineman George Visge r who frequently has memory loss or severe headaches. Visger said that he believes that he accumulated close to hundreds if not thousands of concussions throughout his football performing career, some documented, some not (Smith). Some problems that occur from concussions could end up being more carriage threatening then Visgers symptoms. The suicides of former Chicago Bears Defensive end Dave Duerson and Owen Thomas, a University of Pennsylvania defensive end, have shown that the severity of concussions can psychologically destroy a person (Compton).These symptoms that Visger, Duerson, and Thomas have or had experience have happened to many other retired football players as well, which shows that this is very common among concussion recipients. Visger was also one of more than four thousand former NFL players who filed a seven hundred and seventy five trillion dollar lawsuit against the NFL for lack of information of concussions, and neglecting of the severity of concussions (Fa rrar). This settlement was reached and the money was granted to the players, but the fact is that these men must live with consequences that they received when they played the game of football.Not only is everyday life a struggle for these gentlemen, but the risks that they took can sometimes lead to their untimely death. Although most athletes are informed of concussions, not everyone is aware of the dogged lasting effects of them which are up to coaches and staff to explain. The obligation of an employer to impart its employees with a safe workplace free from recognized hazards is well established. In the absence of specific standards for an industry, an employer is compulsory under OSHAs general duty clause to provide its employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards which cause or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm(Holmquist).In this case the employee is the athlete and the employers would be the football teams staff and coaches. It is up to them to explain the long term consequences to these players, and enforce the safety protocol that must happen if they ever obtain a concussion. By doing this, the player is more informed of the risks of injury and the steps they have to take to either change the way they play, or simply dont play the game at all.Equipment is also a major factor in dealing with concussions. The regulation helmet used in the NFL has gone through rigorous changes to stay on concussions to a limit, but there is only so much you can do to prevent a concussion. What helmets do not do well is significantly slow down the contents of the skull when the head is smitten and moved suddenly (Compton). The design of a helmet is made to prevent skull fractures not to prevent the fast impact of a hit to the head.Although technology will probably continue to improve the quality of helmets in football, the puppet force of a hit to the head can probably never be covered up by any sort of helmet. The discussion of banning f ootball due to the high risk of concussions has been a topic of debate also. Although it is ultimately the decision of someone to do what they want, they might not know the full consequences of what theyre getting into. It is important to educate athletes on the full on risks of concussions and how serious they really. If the overall topic of concussions can be explained to athletes, then football can be that much safer.

Plato - Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Plato Philosophy Es pleadThe Republic is one of Platos longer works (more than 450 pages in length). It is written in dialogue form (as are most of Platos books), it addresses major(ip) issues in almost all of the branches of philosophy. The central theme in the book seems to be the genius of justice, a topic in governmental philosophy, that Plato also has his characters explore issues in ? philosophic cosmology, ? philosophical theology, ? philosophical anthropology, ? ethics, ? aesthetics, and ? epistemology.The parts of the Republic that are contained in our text (pp. 107-123) focus on Platos thought process (ideal?) of the Philosopher Ruler. According to Plato, ? the best mathematical political system ( affirm) ? will be loomd (governed) ? by PHILOSOPHERS (Is he kidding? ) Our reading selection contains the following themes/sections ? ? Introduction on the unifying of philosophy politics (107) Why straightforward philosophers would make the best orderrs (108-12) What is true philosophy? (108-11) Love of wisdom (108) cognition of true mankind (108-9) The distinctions surrounded by fellowship, ignorance and opinion (109-11) How is a true philosopher different from a lover of opinion?(111-12) Who is best suited to rule the state lovers of opinion or true philosophers? (112) ? ? Political leadership and knowledge of the Good (112-13) The ascent of the approximation to knowledge of the Good (113-123) The analogy between the Good and the sun (113-15) The image of the divided line (115-18) The illustration of the cave (118-123) The selection in the text begins at a point in the Republic later Socrates, Glaucon, other characters have been discussing the record of justice and the marks of a just political system for few time.So we are coming into the middle of the conversation where Glaucon is pressing Socrates to state whether it is possible for a unfeignedly just political system to come into existence. Before answering Glaucon s question, Socrates wonders whether it is worthwhile to What does he say construct a theoretical model of a good political system even if much(prenominal) a system could s bargely this? Do you agree? Why non actually exist. or wherefore not? Back to Glaucons original question Can a really just (or at to the lowest degree approximately just) political system exist? What would make it possible? (It is the separation of philosophy political power. ) And this leads to .. . . unless political power philosophy are brought together those who now pursue either the one or the other exclusively are prevented from doing so -neither our political problems nor our human troubles in general can be ended . . . . (Text, pp. 108-111) True Philosophy True Philosophers What are the characteristics of a person who is naturally suited to arrange philosophy?According to Socrates (Plato), a true philosopher ? loves the whole of wisdom and is satisfied with nothing less ? recognizes the going between particular things and the essences (or forms) of which particular things are likenesses (e.g. , beautiful things vs. witness itself) and ? knows the differences between knowledge, ignorance, and opinion.Plato argues that someone who really loves something must(prenominal) love that thing as a whole and not just some aspects of it. On that basis, he concludes that a true philosopher (lover of wisdom) must desire wisdom as a whole and not be content with having just some wisdom. Do you agree with this? Do wine-lovers really love all wines? A true philosopher recognizes the difference between particular things and the essences (or forms) of which particular things are likenesses (e. g. , beautiful things vs.Beauty itself).One of Platos major metaphysical theories is cognize as the Theory of Forms. According to that theory, ultimate reality is a realm of forms (essences) not loving to the intellects but only to the mind (intellect). He calls that level of reality the inte lligible realm (because it is accessible only to the intellect). The perceptible world (i. e. , the world we perceive through our senses) is a reflection or imitate of that higher intelligible world. (The Greek word for form or essence is eidos. ) Do you think it is possible for one thing to be really more beautiful than another thing?Well, how is that possible if sheer(a) Beauty does not exist? How can A be more beautiful than B? Doesnt A have to be closer to Absolute Beauty than B is? But how can A be closer to (or B be further away from) Absolute Beauty if Absolute Beauty does not exist? A true philosopher knows the differences between ? Knowledge, ? ignorance, ? opinion. Platos view of knowledge, ignorance, and opinion (Text, pp. 109-111) State of head Knowledge Opinion Ignorance Object What is (Being, Reality) What is is not (Becoming) What is not (Nothingness, Unreality) Access Intellect Perception ? (Do you agree with this setup/theory?)Is Plato right about knowledge, i gnorance, and opinion? Heres a different view. What about knowledge? The trinity basic questions in epistemology ? ? What is knowledge? How does it differ from opinion? How do we acquire knowledge? What are its sources? Rationalism vs. Empiricism. (What about Intuitionism and Revelationism? ) ? What are the extent and limits of knowledge? What can be known, and what cannot be known? A (fairly) standard definition of knowledge (and opinion) ? Knowledge is justified (i. e. , verified) true belief. To know is to believe. The belief must, in fact, be true. The belief must be justified (i.e. , verified, proved) by some standard and generally accepted means. ? Opinion is belief that may be true or may be false but that has not been or cannot be justified (i. e. , verified, proved) by any standard and generally recognized means. Of course, some opinions that are rationally defensible in the weak sense are justified in a limited way. And what about ignorance? Isnt ignorance basically a n absence of knowledge? Of course, opinion is also an absence of knowledge. So perhaps ignorance is a certain or special kind of opinion that is in some sense groundless (in a way based on nothing, as Plato says).? There seem to be respective(a) types of ignorance, including unintelligent ignorance, as when someone asserts dogmatically that a false proposition is true or that a true proposition is false. There is also intelligent ignorance, as when someone does not know X and acknowledges forthrightly that he does not know it, etc. More thought is needed on this reckon. ? However, Platos view of ignorance as having non-being (nothingness) as its object does not seem correct (or at least not completely correct).? ? ? Lovers of wisdom (philosophers) they recognize the existence of absolute, transcendental essences such as Beauty arbiter in themselves, and they seek knowledge of such absolutes. ? Lovers of opinion -they recognize only particular perceptible things do not believe in the existence of absolute essences such as Beauty itself. So what is the nature of the Absolute Good? (Text, p. 112-113) In approaching the problem of defining the nature of the Absolute Good, Socrates (Plato) sets forth three very famous illustrations of his overall perspective on knowledge reality.These are I The Good the temperateness The Good is to the mind as the sun is to the tenderness, i.e. , just as the suns light enables the eye to see in the perceptible realm, so the Good illuminates the mind and enables it to see in the intelligible realm. (See text, pp. 113-115) 2 The divided line (Text, pp. 115-118) States of Consciousness Philosophical Wisdom E Objects of Consciousness The Good Other Forms Knowledge D Intelligible Realm Scientific Knowledge Informed Opinion Delusion C B Mathematical Scientific Objects Opinion Perceptible Objects Images Perceptible Realm A (Text, pp. 118-123) Can you link the images on the following slide to Platos depiction of the cave world on pp.118-121 in the text? straight that the prisoner has seen the light, ? What might happen to him if he were to go back down into the cave-world? (pp. 119-121) ? How does he feel when he looks back down into the cave-world? (pp. 119) ? How does the allegory of the cave illustrate Platos overall view of knowledge and reality? (p. 121) More questions ? Whats the philosophical difference between coming into the darkness from the light coming into the light from the darkness? (p. 121) ? What, according to Plato, does the allegory of the cave tell us about what the process of education should be?(pp. 121-122) there are the big questions Why should we want philosophers to rule? How are we going to get them to rule? Since we are asking them to come back down into the cave-world, wont we be doing them harm by making their lives worse rather than better? (Text, pp. 122-123) What do you think of the following statements by Plato (Socrates)? The best rulers of the state are those who know the Good, who dont look to politics for their happiness, who live a higher bread and butter than the political life. Political power should be held by those who do not want it. The End (for now).

Observation as a Tool of Inquiry Essay Example for Free

Observation as a Tool of Inquiry EssayThe following characteristics I go out describe in video cuts one, three, 4, and seven of the chapter one lab activity will help me disclose and rank which of the people in these four videos is the most developmentally good, specifically in the motor aptitude of throwing a stumblebum. First, I will identify the most proficient ball thrower and then acquire a developmental throwing continuum from the most to least(prenominal) advanced. Following this continuum, the simplenesss important to the throw will be explained as well as how a change in one constraint might change the throwing pattern. On my throwing continuum the number one is the lowest rank, meaning least developmentally advanced, in contrast with the number four ranking most developmentally advanced. Chapter One Lab Activity throwing continuum is visually represented bellow be 1 2 3 4 television clip 7 1 3 4This representation displays that the person in video clip number four is the most developmentally advanced at the motor skill of throwing a ball, followed by video clip number three as the second most advanced, then video clip number one coming in third, and lastly video clip number seven ranked number one on the throwing continuum, as the least proficient.What makes these videos distinguishable in terms of developmental advancement are the characteristics of each persons throw. Video clip number seven ranked the lowest on the continuum because he showed a lack of hold expressed in characteristics such(prenominal) as the loss of remainder, shallow throw, slight tilt of the ankle, and employ a larger ball. Video clip number one was ranked second because considering his feet stayed stationary and together, and that he reached the ball behind his head to gather speed, make it evident that he is still primitive yet, maintaining his balanceirrespective of his knees rocking back and forth after casting the ball, shows a higher developmental ranking than the child in video clip number seven.The second most advanced thrower is in video clip number three. Characteristics that show some signs of experience are his comfort casting the ball at a go on start, the shift of weight between his legs before throwing, and the actual height and distance of the throw. However, his loss of balance shows lack of developmental advancement. What distinguishes the person in video clip four as the most developmentally advanced is the standing start with a single step forward for force, the height of the throw, and how balance is retained throughout.Multiple constraints may be important to the throw. An example of a (structural) individualistic constraint would be tree branch length. Perhaps if the person in video clip number three did not have such long legs he may not have lost his balance after his throw. An environmental constraint of importance would be wind. If wind is interfering with a throw, it is likely that the target will be missed. some other example would be if the thrower in video clip number three were to have his jogging start on a slippery floor. In this scenario the thrower would most likely fall, undoubtedly ever-changing the throwing pattern. In a separate scenario, if the target on the receiving end of the throw is stationary and then begins to mingle from side to side this would increase the difficulty level for the thrower, epitomizing a task constraint.The observations I have do in this assignment were both displayed in a table and supported through explanations describing various characteristics that be the validity of my throwing continuum rankings. Individual, environmental, and task constraints can all be important to the motor skill of throwing. Through using the element of observation as a tool of inquiry, I have reinforced that my statements are credible.

Electronic documents Essay Example for Free

electronic documents EssayBefore the birth if the valet de chambre Wide Web, people utilize to blaspheme solely on written and printed documents on paper. Researches ciphered on hold ins and journals that passel be set up in libraries and bookstores. When unmatched needed to look for a character, they would know only one place to look into which argon libraries. This has been the traditional way of learning and unflurried continues to become one of the main(prenominal) ways to learn. However, since the birth of the internet, electronic medium agree come out and they have been used as sources by most students and scholars. Most users of such(prenominal) technology have enjoyed its services as it offers convenience at most. With a look at more advantages to this new medium, researchers can find divers(prenominal) data in effective one click and a few seconds. Paper documents have long been used so far ahead the idea of electronic documents was brought up to the mi nds of people. in that respect was even a time when it was the only medium cognize to mankind. Before Google and Yahoo, there were only but dictionaries and thesauruses. But wherefore is it that paper documents seem to have been forget and buried immediately by its users as soon as electronic sources and the cyberspace arrived?This paper depart discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both paper documents and electronic documents. Perhaps readers testament become enlightened as to wherefore people have chosen electronic documents oer paper documents most of the time. The paper will in any case be able to show which medium should be used in certain aspects which will depend on the needs of the users, depending on the strengths and weaknesses of both media. ARGUMENTS One of the main reasons why electronic documents ar chosen over paper documents nowadays is because of the convenience that it offers.Looking for electronic documents can be done at plate as long as you hav e a computer which is roughthing that almost every home has. Yes, due to the widespread of electronic documents and the students preference of such over paper documents, computers have been in necessitate as well, and ar almost a necessity for every student or professional. The convenience that electronic documents offers is far from what paper documents have in store for its users manual searching and reading, especially when looking for a specific topic.This takes up a parcel of time and energy. However, it teaches researchers to research well and non solely rely on instant searches. In line with convenience that electronic sources offer is the summaries and reviews that can be found online or even in word processors. This is a feature that can help users access instruction faster and have a better understanding on a certain document or topic. However, a fallback of this is that, most of the time researchers rely too much on the summaries and reviews and tend non to read th e whole section anymore.This shortcut can either work as an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the usage of readers. Although a lot of people own computers and laptops, there are still a few who do not. And this is due to the fact that computers can be expensive. An alternative to not owning a personal computer for access to electronic documents is to go to internet shops. However, such services are not free, unlike for paper documents which can be found in different libraries. Most documents that are in paper can be bought, but most of the time, they can be borrowed, which is one advantage over electronic sources.Electronic sources are often questioned of its credibility as there are a lot of sites which can be accessed by anyone, even those who are not experts on areas that they have written about. have got for example sites such as Wikipedia. org and About. com. These sites give fast but unreliable entropy. But since these sites give effected documents, a lot of researc hers settle for them, which becomes a disadvantage for electronic sources. There are also some who claim to be experts but are hard to verify.The main problem with electronic sources is that, people layabout the internet are hard to trace which makes it hard to find out whether one site is apt or not. Paper documents however have all the details and information essential to prove that such documents indeed come from credible sources. Most of the time there is a background of the author fixed inside the book, which proves the credibility of the document. This is done with some electronic sources as well, but in very few. register is one of the issues between electronic and paper documents. The problem with paper documents is that they get destroyed in floods, rains and fires.They soft get lost as well, especially if the filing was not very organized. For example, books in libraries can be easily lost if they are misplaced in the wrong shelf. However, electronic sources are easie r to manage as they can be found in just one click. Databases will not get destroyed when they get wet or burned, as long as they are stored properly or even uploaded on the internet. The downside of electronic sources on this matter is that viruses can get to different documents saved in a personal computer which will lead to the deletion of such files.Also, there can be a lot of errors that can possibly happen in this technology which might endanger the presence of electronic documents. For example, computers crash for no reason at all and in one click, files can be propel away and most of them can never be recovered. A major downfall of paper documents is its effectuate on the environment. Of course, it is common knowledge that papers come from trees. To produce one ton of paper, 17 trees are cut down, so paper documents take a lot out of the environment, not only by dint of trees but also through water.To produce a paperback book, 28 liters of water is consumed, which can be a week supply of water for an individual. These facts only show that papers consume a lot of from the environment which might turn out to be very costly for humans in the future. Although electronic sources have turned out to be very convenient for its readers and users, it has become the opposite for publishers. The internet has a lot of issues as to its legality. There are a lot of illegal downloads which causes authors and publishers to lose credit from their work.The copyrights of different sources are pushed aside as there are a lot of free accesses to different sources and documents. A plus side on paper documents however is that it is highly accessible and very much portable. There are libraries everywhere and money is almost not a requirement. Also, the grammar and spelling is better because paper documents go through rigorous copyediting to ensure the quality of the documents, which in turn, makes it more reliable for the researchers and scholars using such medium. Electron ic sources have lower production costs than paper documents.This is because paper documents have to be mass produced individually while electronic sources can reach millions of people in just one site. For example, one book has to have thousands of copies for it to make a mark. However, one source only needs to be posted in one site and needs words of mouth for it to reach a lot of people. This makes the distribution of information through electronic sources faster and easier. Documents that are electronic will be able to last for a long time as there are no storage costs as opposed to paper documents that require a lot of space.Storage costs a lot and so does shipping, and if such documents do not get sold, storage will still need to be paid for, which is why storage time is limited as much as possible. Cyberspace is almost unlimited as it is evolving every day, which is why people can rely on the fact that what they found yesterday will still be in cyberspace the next weeks, mon ths or even years. Although it was discussed earlier that paper documents are portable, electronic documents are more portable since the beginning of diskettes, Compact Discs and Flash Drives.The information that has been researched from the electronic source can now be saved in different storage devices (flash drives are commonly used today). Such devices can be placed in pockets and purses and almost do not weigh anything, as compared with paper documents that have huge masses and sizes that are very difficult to carry around. There are a lot of arguments which have been discussed. It is not easy to weigh the advantages of both medium as they have been very helpful to researchers, students, professionals and those who simply need information.Others may say that paper documents have been outdated a long time ago and electronic documents are the new paper documents in this generation. But there are still some who prefer paper documents over electronic sources which is not so dingy since people lived through paper documents way before electronic documents came to life. Bibliography Lunsford, K. (1995). Electronic Texts and the Internet A recapitulation of The English Server. In K. Lunsford, Computers and the Humanities (pp. 297-305). Springer.

Pre-Destination V.S Free

Pre-Destination V.S Free willing EssayFor years Christians have argued about what role theology has in humans attaining salvation. The most normal belief in Ameri chamberpot culture is the concept of free will. Free will is the belief that access to Christ and being carry outd is a freewill choice of the person. Most churches commit this concept to be true at least to some degree. The other belief is the concept of Predestination. Predestination is the belief that beau ideal chooses who to save and who to damn. The biggest denomination in the United States that intends this is the Calvinists or more commonly known as the amend denomination.The debate will probably continue for many years to come. By reading Romans 91-29 we can tell clearly which concept capital of Minnesota guesss to be true. While I read Romans 91-29 I kept clearly in my mind the two beliefs of freewill and predestination. After reading it was apparent to me that capital of Minnesota believes strongl y in predestination. This, in my opinion, goes against human nature. I, at least, find it very hard to believe that if God chooses not to extend grace to a person that person cannot attain salvation no press what they believe or what they do.capital of Minnesota uses an example about Jacob and Esau. In Romans 9 10-13 capital of Minnesota uses Malachi 12-3 that says that I have loved Jacob, but I have loved Jacob Paul then(prenominal) says that God had dogged that before they were even born so as it says in verse 11-12 that Gods purpose of election talent continue, not by works, but by his call. If Paul is right about this and you interpret the Bible literally than predestination has to be true. It is completely possible that Paul is biased though when writing about predestination. Paul believes strongly in salvation by combine not works.In Romans 3 27- 28 Paul says Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. Because of what law? The law that requires works? No, because of the law that requires faith. For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law. This is just one of many examples of how much Paul hates the idea of faith by works. There are many other examples of this in books written by Paul outdoor(a) of Romans that convey the same message. Since Paul believes strongly in salvation by faith this would, in theory, fuddle him lean towards predestination.Freewill means that we as humans make a choice to believe in God and be saved. Paul would see this as an example of justification by works and he clearly states in Ephesians 28-9 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith and this is not from yourselves, it is the pay of God not by works, so that no one can boast. Paul believes that nothing we can do nothing to save ourselves which is the main idea of freewill. This makes Paul potentially biased toward predestination.I believe that this passage isnt trying to address personal salvation as a main point, but I think we infer Pauls view on personal salvation through the verse. I believe that Paul was more trying to point out that we can do nothing to save ourselves. It is completely up to God. Paul was trying to stress that firstly, but then through that seems to make a case, as furthest as personal salvation goes, for predestination. He specifically mentions how he picked Jacob over Esau. If God chooses individually equivalent that then I, at least, deduce from this passage according to Paul that God must choose who to save on a personal level.My rational human side tells me that predestination cannot be right, but then I read Romans and Paul says that predestination is right and freewill is wrong. The question then is if I believe Paul just because that is his opinion, even though it is most likely biased, or do I believe what seems right to me? Im still torn between the two because what I want to believe is contradicted by Paul. perhaps well never know for sure because the conc ept of God is impossible for our minds to completely understand in the first place.

Romeo & Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo Juliet adjudicateRomeo and Juliet is true story written as a play, by William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan time in the 17th Century. This was the period when young girls which was classed as young women and the roles of women was limited, e particularly those that were rich was neer seen outdoors, when venturing outside it was a lot more limited, had private tutoring, educating them to a really high standard and everything would be brought to them, as Juliet in the play is to confined to protect her virginity. This was when woman were owned by fathers then suitable husbands, which were expected to accept.The usage was Courtney Love, when a man, often a knight, had to woo (gently persuade) a lady to be his bash. This sometimes meant singing to her at a lower place her balcony. She was supposed to play it very cool for a while, as Juliet says she ought to in this scene. It was all sort of a game. The play is most a boy and a girl who fall in live, but stiff to ke ep it secret of their family feud. There is a lot of use of vision language in the play, one of the example is the balcony scene, where Romeo comes to demote Juliet after the party and find her in her balcony.This is at night, where the darkness makes them feel safe, someplace they can truly be alone. At the balcony scene where Romeo meets Juliet for the second time, he talks about how Juliet is so pretty she is and how she is beautiful than the moon itself the envious moon, this is a simile because he is saying the moon is wishful as it is a symbol of chastity. By saying that it gives us an render of Juliet more beautiful than the moon, so Juliet must seem to be glowing making the night light and bright.The balcony scene is when the audience is shown that the expire is real and eternal. An opposite image of light and darkness is Juliets sun, people cant live without the sun so Romeo cant live without Juliet , so metaphorically Romeo is saying she lightens up the world for Ro meo. I think the both images are very powerful, but to be used after only knowing each other after somewhat of couple hours is rather extreme and exaggeration, so at this point I dont find this convincing at all towards the report of the two are in making spot.The images of love are as strong as those of light and dark, the first is, Or if thou wilt not, be but swear my love And Ill no longer be a Capulet Juliet claims that she will lose her identity if he swears to lobe her, she here gives us an imagery of a big sacrifice because they loves each other, but this to me, I esteem if it is really is that simple? I think the couple dont need to worry about the name it shouldnt press if they love each other.A name would be perfectly insignificant, Juliet denies the reality of the situation which is she will never be allowed to marry Romeo because of the feud of the two families, so Romeo and Juliet love must remain secret, so the imagery she uses shows us that thus live cannot and does not survive on earth, which all turns the situation into somewhat of a fairytale. They do die soon later in the play, so this scene shows the audience that it is a special love. Another imagery of love is when Romeo goes on to claim that love can help him to perform such features as climbing tall walls-With loves light wing did I operch these walls, For stony limits cannot hold love out.This once again is a metaphor, which is very unrealistic, a feeling cannot give you power to fly, but it is aright for the couples in love. Their love goes beyond the earth, almost heavenly. However, Romeo is flirting with her, not tolerant her direct truthful responses. Later he uses the news show love four times. He talks of love as a existent person. He believes their love to b strong that he personifies it. As if he has brought them together.When asked how he found the garden, he actually describes the personified love as someone hes in partnership with. He gives love extra power. With loves live wings did I oeroperch these walls, For stony limits cannot hols love out And what love can do, that dares love attempt Therefore thy kinsmen are no stop to me. Juliet declares in line 133, that her bounty is as boundless as the sea, this is metaphorical term, saying about her generosity. The love she has to give him is so great, not even the sea can obstruct it, the term giving Juliets live somewhat of a infinite quality and eternal.This is off course is unrealistic, but it is similar to Elizabethan voyage of discovery to the new world, to seek out the worlds end, this is yet not found therefore Juliets love is the same, boundless Other images are of birds, Shakespeare the, changes mood when Juliet talks of birds and captivity. We now see interesting images, shown by Juliet, Hist, Romeo, hist O for a falconers voice, To lure this tassel-gentle back again. Juliet trying to get Romeo to come back to her, she uses the language of falconry, which was an extremely familiar sport with the Elizabethan nobility.A tassel was a high-prized male peregrine, this suggest that she feels confident as falconer to her very own, tassel-gentle, Romeo, it is unusual to see her like this in her age. Juliet is dominating the situation. She changes in two days from a slight girl to a women, it shows her strength of character, her determination and her love. So I think this is very successful in making the audience realise the two are in love.On the other hand , we fool an image of a spoilt child possessing a pet-And yet no farther than a wantons bird, Who lets it cut a little from her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gives, This gives us and image of Juliet holding Romeo by a string, and she has control of him, as she can pluck him back whenever she wishes, and gyves are prisoner with ropes and chain, this is the case that Juliet is a controlling female, could be of the high standard of her rich life, who is obsessed with Romeo and enjoys having him, whenev er she favours, in a little fantasy of hers.For conclusion, I think in the balcony scene, many different images were shown although there were some actual images, which was effective in convincing the audience that the two are in love. There were only few realistic images, whereas unrealistic images present us with unlikely likings such as Juliets sun, where the audience was given the idea that she was the light to the world. The image of angels might have been used to symbolise that the couple is not meant to be in earth, a little hint from Shakespeare, but overall I think there was enough images and idea given to back up the love of Romeo and Juliet.

Should stem cell transplants be done Essay Example for Free

Should shuck cellphone channelizes be done EssayStem cell transplants argon often one of the farthest choices a unhurried has to survive grasscer. All read al form gone through chem differentapy, radiation therapy or both and this is the abutting tread in their treatment. Patients receive two choices in transplants autologous or exclusivelyogeneic. In an autologous transplant stalking cells are amass from the patient of and accordingly given back to them at a posterior date after the body has been properly brisk for transplanting. In an allogeneic transplant pedestal cells are collected from a presenter, related or unrelated to the patient, then transplanted into the patient. Stem cells eject be collected in two different ways. One way is via bone marrow and the other is via peripheral blood. The donors or patients bone marrow is collected from the renal pelvis, femur or sternum, though the pelvis is the most common, and then infuse into the patient via a ce ntral bound. In a peripheral blood stem cell collection the donor or the patient has their stem cells collected via a central line in a process called apheresis. This can take multiple collections to view enough stem cells for transplant.both procedures need to be meticulously planned and all support medicaments given to ensure succeederful collection. there are many a(prenominal) crab louses that stem cell transplants are commonly used for. Multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkins distemper and degenerative myelogenous leukemia are more commonly treated with transplantation. Each of these cancers has a different success rate, approximately have a higher success rates than with chemotherapy alone. Proper preparation is important for stem cell transplants. All patients suffer chemotherapy prior to transplantation.This is used to clear out the bone marrow of cells to ensure a successful transplant. Also most patients have already undergone chemotherapy in hopes of curing their cancer without having to have a stem cell transplant. Chemotherapy is non the only medication used to aid in transplants. Patients more often than not receive G-CSF injections to help promote cell production prior to harvest and to aid in engraftment. graft is not without finds, patients can experience hold out, infections, lowered red blood cells and platelets or even graft versus troops disorder.These can all be treated though with good supportive care by the physicians and other support staff. Research renders that stem cell transplants should be done in certain cases because it can result a greater quality of life by ridding the body of cancer and promoting healthy cell evolution and allowing a patient to have other options of therapies to overcome cancer. Multiple myeloma is one of the cancers that can have successful outcomes by a stem cell transplant. Though research shows this is not a true alterative treatment for patients, it can give them a chance at a enormouser life.Both autologous and allogeneic transplants can be done for multiple myeloma though allogeneic transplants are more successful. Bruno et al, (2007) attributes this to the inability of the pre-transplant chemotherapy to eradicate all myeloma cells. Also allografting using stem cells from a HLA-identical sibling has higher success rates than transplants using non HLA-identical siblings. some other cancer that has successful outcomes after transplantation is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Kiehl et al, (2004) shows that up to 46% of patients who receive an allogeneic transplant have successful disease free survival.Higher risk patients and patients who are in their second complete remission should undergo a stem cell transplant for a greater chance at long term survival. Those who are in their third complete remission, or have had induction failure, have a lower chance at a successful transplant with disease free survival. As tell by Kiehl et al, (2004) t hese patients only have a 5-15% chance of long term survival despite transplantation. The allogeneic donor can either be related or unrelated, though the donor of choice is a matched sibling. This is not always possible so transplantation should go ahead with and unrelated donor.Hodgkins disease can be successfully cured with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, though some patients will need transplantation at some point. Research by Sureda et al, (2001) shows that these patients can achieve long term survival after an autologous stem cell transplant. These patients have generally relapsed after initial chemotherapy or have refractory disease. Poorer outcomes after transplantation can be found in patients who have a short remission period or bulky disease at time of transplantation. This is not a deciding factor in not attempting a transplant though.Stem cell transplants continue to be the only curative option for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Most of these patients receive an allogeneic transplant though some undergo and autologous if no donors are available. Maziaz and Mauro, (2004) show that an allogeneic transplant from a sibling donor had a 60% disease free survival at 5 geezerhood. Autologous transplants have an 80% survival rate at 5 age though these patients are only in remission not truly disease free. Age, other health factors, and donor availability are factors to be con alignred prior to transplant.Maziarz and Mauro, (2003) bring up the question of non-transplant therapy by using Imatinib. This medication is still being researched regarding its efficacy and curative rates. This could be an option for patients who are too ill to undergo a transplant. Stem cell transplants are reliant on multiple medications prior to and after transplantation. Chemotherapies are used to ablate the bone marrow and ready it for production of new healthy cells. Granulocyte colony touch factor, G-CSF, is used pre and post transplantation.This medication assists in cell pro duction for a successful harvest and then for successful engraftment. High panelling chemotherapies such as Ifosfamide, Carboplatin and Etoposide are often used prior to transplantation. (Schlemmer et al, 2006, Straka et al, 20003) These medications ready the bone marrow for transplantation by destroying cells, both good and bad. Elderly patients and patients who cannot tolerate full dose therapy are often given doses at a decreased rate. This does not decrease the chances of a successful transplantation. (Straka et al, 2003) Without obliteration of all cells successful engraftment could not happen.The stem cells would be overrun by cancerous cells and the disease would continue. This is one reason why so much chemotherapy is given prior to transplantation. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF, is a very important part of stem cell transplantation. It stimulates the bone marrow to produce more leukocytes. G-CSF is used both pre and post transplantation. When used pre transp lantation it helps produce more lymphocytes that are then harvested for transplantation. Post transplantation it is used to support engraftment and decrease neutropenia.Samaras et al, (2010) states the use of G-CSF can reduce the time to engraftment and potentially lower the risk for post-transplant infections. on that point are different side effects and complications that can arise from transplantation. As the body is prepared for transplantation, the body is stripped of its natural defenses against infection. With no white cells to help battle against opportunistic infections a patient can become extremely ill. They are also at risk for anemia and thrombocytopenia as the chemotherapy also destroys red blood cells and platelets.This is one reason patients are kept in the hospital for many days during high doses of chemotherapy. They are also at continued risk after transplantation until engraftment and cell recovery happens. Another major side effect that can happen is graft vers us host disease (GVHD). This is where the donor cells perceive the recipients body as foreign and begin to attack the body. There are 4 grades of graft versus host disease and they can either be acute or chronic. Acute GVHD generally happens as the new cells are engrafting into the host body.Chronic GVHD can happen years later and is more severe in effects to the body. In the acute phases of GVHD the patient can be treated and cured by the use of short term immunosuppressant therapy and steroids. Long term immunosuppression can lessen the effects on the body in chronic GVHD. This in itself can lead to infections receivable to chronic immunosuppression. (Kiehl et al, 2004, Bruno et al, 2007) Most patients experience some level of fatigue while recovering from transplants. This can be exacerbated by nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, sleep issues and other side effects of transplantation.As patients experience more fatigue they become less inclined to do further activities. It is impor tant to treat all symptoms effectively and embolden patients to be up and moving. This can shorten hospital stays and lessen the chances of infections. (Hacker et al, 2006) Stem cell transplants though complicated and risky are still one of the best choices for many patients. They can be the last chance at survival for patients as well as the best option for the possibility of daylong life living with cancer. Relapse and failure of transplant are risks that patients choose to take.There is a building complex series of chemotherapy and supportive medications for transplant, but without these, transplantation would not be possible at all. Though side effects can happen, the benefits far outweigh the risks associated with transplantation. Research shows that stem cell transplants should be done in certain cases because it can allow a greater quality of life by ridding the body of cancer and promoting healthy cell growth and allowing a patient to have other options of therapies to ove rcome cancer. As the years continue and further research is done stem cell transplants will become the first step in caring for cancer patients.

Police Administration Essay Example for Free

natural law force Administration proveThe role of guard in the safety of the community has big been recognized. It is thus of peachy importance that the operations behind the patrol system be strong beneaths alsod in vagabond to identify points that atomic uttermostgon 18 considered to be exemplary, as well as beas which argon in need of further evaluation and reorganization. This explore paper forget discuss aras of natural law administration that ar related to the recruitment and hiring process. A shortened review of different related areas of law administration go away too be presented in separate to provide a holistic overview of the topic. POLICE WORK AND RELATED PROBLEMSThe area of natural law work is an furrow that is strongly associated with misconduct and criminal acts. The act of performing natural law work is highly discretionary because it entails a combination of two standard police principles and personal ideologies that influence a police military ships military officeholders values and morale. constabulary work also involves coercive activity that regularly occurs in the most private situations which are ofttimes not in the presence of their immediate supervisors only if in the vicinity of witnesses who, unfortunately, often distort the detail of the criminal event when interviewed or asked to testify. Police work is also strongly associated with depraveion through the extreme abuse of police authority for the wrong benefits of separate individuals (Klockars, 2000).Corruption is a form of misconduct that has long been a concern of every society. several(prenominal) attempts has been made to control the application and use of corruption in police work unless on that point are several factors that decrease the likelihood of success in controlling this social problem. One of the factors that hinder the control of corruption is that police officers refuse to report activities that are deemed corrupt to their fellow officers. Also known as The Code or The Code of Silence, this secret has been with the police force for decades.Another factor that prevents the control of corruption in police work is that police administrators are hesitant in acknowledging that corrupt events do exist in their respective police agencies. The idea that corrupt activities snow-whitethorn benefit the police officers in terms of extra financial income also influences police officers to act performing or acknowledging corrupt acts. Another factor that prevents the success in controlling corrupt activities inside the police force involves the s gondola carcity of victims of these shameful acts who are willing to report the corrupt incident to federal official investigators.For some time, corruption has been viewed by police administrators as a sign of the insufficiency of moral standards among police officers. To date, the officials of police administration has actively fought the problem of corruption in the police force by meticulously and cautiously screening the new applicants for positions in the police force in run to lessen the hazard that newly hired police officers will not succumb to the perennial problem of corruption in their field of work. In addition, police administrators have also aggressively followed and hunted peck every members of the police force that are known to deal with corrupt activities during their puff of duty with the police force. Once these mor ally delinquent police officers are tracked, they are dismissed from their positions so that any additional cases of corruption will surely be prevented.The removal of these corrupt police officers also assure that the negative influences of these police officers will not spread to the lodge of the members of the police force. The concept of removal of a corrupt police officer from the police force is similar to the bad apple theory in agri enculturation and this approach has been strongly criticized i n the past years. In order to better understand the problems associated with police work, it is essential that the field of police work startle be presented.THE ROLE OF A POLICE OFFICER A police officer pertains to a working employee of the police force who has been skilful in special responsibilities such as counterterrorism and surveillance. A police officer is also equipped with the capabilities for child auspices as well as protection of diplomatic individuals. Police officers are experienced in investigating crimes such as murder, burglary, rape and medicine trafficking.It should be understood that the duties of a police officer encompass a wide range of functions. These officers are evaluate to be capable of responding to any type of situation that may occur during their time of duty. Police officers are considered as government officials during investigatory events of crimes. In proper(postnominal) cities and communities, it is the responsibility of a police officer to m aintain peace and conduct in the area, even if they are not on duty. Society perceives a police officer as a person who is responsible for impart peace and order in his fact area of duty. Peace and order can be attained through the enforcement of rules or prohibitions in terms of social interactions. Police officers are also responsible in discouraging attempts to commit crimes, deflexion from investigating a crime that has already occurred in a particular area. In addition, police officers ship the legal role and authority to arrest any suspected individuals that may have played a role in a crime. They also have the authority to interrogate and detain the suspect, as well as report the incident and the associated suspects to the proper authorities. Police officers may also table service in indoctrinateing the safety of the public during large gatherings. Such role may be similar to an hand brake helper wherein they could be called on to facilitate in public operations such as town or city programs and parades. These individuals also go to as a source of immediate response during times of emergency and disasters because they serve as the first person at the scene of an incident.Once a police officer arrives at the particular site and crystalizes a quick survey of the area, he then quickly informs the elicit and emergency medical units of the city to respond to the situation. Depending on the land or country, police officers and firemen have the uniform line of call, wherein these two groups of government employees may respond to the scene of a disaster at the corresponding time. Minor offenses are also reported by police officers in the form of citations which generally results in the implementation of fine. One good example of a minor offense holds the violation in the laws of capricious and traffic such as illegal parking or over-speeding. Other traffic violations may include accosting a driver who has consumed more than the allowable amounts of alcohol drinks. The detention of drivers that manipulate a vehicle under the influence of alcohol prevents car accidents as well as deaths. Police officers are also trained in assisting individuals that are caught in the middle of an accident or even a simple car breakdown. It is raise to know that police officers are trained in techniques in first guardianship as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Park rangers are also considered as police officers who man the subject area parks and other open recreational locations. These individuals also enforce specific laws in order to instill peace and order in these specific areas. Police officers are also visible in areas where rallies and semipolitical activities are frequently held. These law enforcers are responsible in suppress overly active protests that hinders the rest of the public from performing their daily functions such as going to work.Police officers make sure that rallies and other kinds of protests are held within the allowable parts of the public area such as sidewalks and the rest of the race and vehicles are not hindered from moving through their usual activities. There are some cases wherein protesters may be extremely upset regarding a particular political or ethical issue and these individual may start screaming and acting in more violent behavior. Should this be the case, the police officers are trustworthy to control such actions to an acceptable level of protest.QUALIFICATION OF A POLICE OFFICER The credentials of a police officer often vary in each country, mainly depending on the expectations and roles of the police officer in that part of the world. However, it is a general requirement that a candidate for a position of police officer mustiness show proof that he has completed some kind of formal education. Several decades earlier, police officers were not infallible to finish a college degree yet currently this has changed.Mostly collectible also to the changing times and the evolution of the society in terms of values and morals, candidates for positions of police officers are now required to carry a tertiary degree. In addition, the candidate for police officer is required to undergo two to 3 years of learning as a police constable anterior to promotion to a position of high rank such as inspector or sergeant. It is a common path that a police officer originates from a military or security position. In addition to carrying a college degree, a candidate for police officer is also required to undergo a physical fitness test. In the united States, there are currently laws that vary by state that describe the requirements for candidates for the position of police officer. The requirements include specific information regarding the applicants age and educational level, as well as the criminal records and training. A police agency is generally similar to that of a semi-military organization that requires particular training and experience befo re applicants are admitted to the police force. There are also specific qualifications before a particular police officer can be promoted to a higher(prenominal) position in the police force. It should be noted that promotion to a higher rank in the police force is not an automatic operation that occurs once a police officer has served for three years.Promotion to a higher rank entails taking additional examinations that serve as tools that will help assess the police officer if he is ready and competent enough to hold a higher ranking position. An interview is also conducted by the review board that serves as a personal teasing session for the candidate police officer for promotion. The stringent requirements for promotion of a police officer to a higher rank are commensurate to the responsibilities that this police officer will hold once he is awarded the higher police rank.It is actually normal for a police officer to remain in the homogeneous position ranking for some time and it is usually the highly competent officers that are often deserve a higher rank in the police force. There are some instances when a specific police officer stays at the same position rank for a decade or more because it has been observed through their performance that the particular police officer is not competent to serve from a higher position. Police officers who have served in the police force for a particular length may also cave in for the position of police specialist. The specialist positions include the detective, firearms officer or bicycle officer.TRAINING AT THE POLICE ACADEMY A police honorary society is a training zeal that is generally managed by the police department in order to serve as a locus for the education and development of the new recruits. These individual recruits were previously hired by the police department yet they are first required to undergo training at the police academy before they are allowed to work with the police force. The trainees at the police academy are taught essential skills that are expected of a police officer. The training involves both classroom and actual action training that runs for several months.Full-time training requires that the candidates are present for the entire solar day at the police academy, with nutrition for letting them stay in for several months. In private police academies, training is conducted during the evenings so that the trainees are able to work during the day time to earn their wages to support themselves. In police academies that are run by the police department, stipends are given to the trainees because they are already considered as employees of the police force. Training at the police academy includes the principles of arrest and booking of individuals. The use of firearms is also taught at the academy.Special driving skills are also taught at the police academy because this is essential is chasing suspects and criminals. The trainees are also educated in terms of CPR and first aid skills because these capabilities are expected of a competent police officer. Trainees are also taught skills in piece police reports as well as ethical measures in interacting with individuals that they would likely deal with on a daily basis as a police officer. Theories of investigation and criminality will also be undertaken during the training of police officers. Methods in interacting with the community will also be taught at the police academy. subsequently several months of training at the police academy, the trainees are required to take pen and practical examination to gauge the comprehension of the lessons that have been given to them. Upon passing the requirements of the written and practical examinations, the trainee is awarded a certification of police academy training and will then be assigned as a member of the police department. It has been observed that there has been an increase in recruitment of police officers in the past decade and it has been predicted that the number of newly recruited police officers will increase in the coming years. This is mostly due to the change in the society and politics of the country, as well as the increase in urbanization of cities.THE CIVIL RIGHTS propel OF 1964 AND EQUALITY AMONG MEN The hiring and recruitment of police officers has been influenced by the Civil Rights play of 1964. Years ago, Martin Luther King had a dream that all men and women would be equal. The laws and progression of civil rights and in-migration has changed the unify States. Racial inconsistency and color prejudice has damaged the United States affecting the government system through legislation. The differences in culture gageground and heritage are being traversed. Borders are supposedly being crossed.Educational theories and classroom practices are taking up new forms in order to conform and meet the educational needs of the world(a) societies. Educators and takeers are being expected to share views and rec ognize values from different cultures, races, societies and ethnic groups. They are expected to move outside the system and custom of the dominant society and incorporate beliefs other than those they are addicted with. Our laws and progression of Civil Rights and immigration has changed the United States (AARP, 2004). The challenges that face our nations children relates to the civil right movements and immigration laws.The 1800s industrialization expansion and slave trade increased immigration to the United States, bringing close to twenty-five million tidy sum between 1866 and 1915. In 1917, the United States began placing and enforcing restrictions on immigration. The government did have provisions before, however most statutes were requirements for naturalization, government powers, reporting of aliens or items allowed to import. Amid 1875 to 1888, the government treasured to exclude people from coming into the United States that were criminals (whether convicted of crime o r misdemeanor), prostitutes, paid or slave laborers, people with contagious diseases, polygamist, anarchist, or any person who wanted or thought it was okay to overthrow a government through emphasized violence or assassination of public officials.On February 5, 1917, a commission set forth by the President Woodrow Wilson, proposed and passed a law that enacted previous exclusions and added to exclude illiterate aliens. The excludable people were imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, persons with physical or mental defects which may affect their ability to earn a living, persons afflicted with tuberculosis, children unaccompanied by their parents, persons who admitted the commission of a crime involving moral turpitude, and women coming to the United States for immoral purposes. The 1920 U.S. census showed that the heaviest immigration prior to that time were from abundant Britain, Ireland, Germany, and other countries in northern Europe.In the course of the ending of World War II in 1945, the number of aliens both legal and illegal increased dramatically. Immigrants were trying to escape poverty and oppression from all over the world. Citizens of the United States began feeling the pressure of immigrants taking their jobs and using expensive social services provided by the U.S. government with American tax dollars. The media began to portray evidence of racial inequality and color prejudice, damaging the doubling of the United States. Therefore, immigration and racial equality became debated hot topics.In 1857, the National Education connexion (NEA) was organise to benefit teachers and students, and work to bring attention to educational issues, such as low teachers salaries, teacher retirement benefits, student testing and other bureaucratic demands. The NEA became an advocate for students and teachers through curriculum enhancements to both face lyric arts and history to benefit Immigrants, African Americans, and Indians (Holcomb 2006). The NEA lobbied to encourage laws like The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and The Immigration Nationality Act of 1964, which still affects our laws today, encouraging the idea of multiculturalism, thus expanding subjects such as history and language arts to include viewpoints of historically powerless and oppressed groups.During the civil rights movement, there were two Americas, a black America and a white America. The school, bathrooms, water fountains, restaurants, bus seats, libraries, movie theaters, hospital floors, and even the line to see Santa Clause were all nonintegrated based on the color of skin. African Americans went to school iv months out of the year because they needed to help earn incomes the rest of the months. Their schools had no cafeteria, most with outside bathrooms and their books were passed down from the white schools so they were all out of date. The school building that contained African American students were falling apart. The classes were overcrowded with too many stude nts, and not enough room for all the needed classes and materials. For the most part, these students had teachers that were substitutes who didnt know what they were doing. The teachers that were in these schools had fixed values for these students and did not provide curriculum that was interesting or pertained to the students who were learning.The assumption of teachers was that these African American students did not deserve a great deal in disembodied spirit and that a little, even a very little, (a very little) for a Negro child is a great deal more than he or she has earned. Complaints were being vocalized with the school districts letting white students ride the bus to attend white schools, and black students had to walk to their school when they lived right next to an all white school.In 1951, the sovereign butterfly finally had to face and rule on the subject of civil rights. A group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), created in 1909 to work towards eliminating segregation and discrimination, came together in a accost case brownish versus Board of Education. African Americans had started filing suits against the educational systems as early as 1845, but the Supreme Court combined five cases to hear in 1951. The issues brought before the court was because of school conditions, segregation, insufficient curriculum, pupil to teacher ratio, teacher training, extracurricular activity programs offered, transportation deficiencies, and of course teacher salaries.The discriminatory purlieu derived from civil rights and immigration issues unlocked, and then ca apply the world to see that human tendencies are to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype people based on their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics.In 1954, Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, also called Brown I control by Chief jurist Warren, acknowledged learning to be the most evidentiary task of state and local g overnment and repudiated the separate but equal doctrine, deciding that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal (Brown Foundation, 1996). The decision had great impact and important to the civil rights movement. The Supreme Court ruled that school had no place for separate but equal status.A year later the Supreme Court decision in Brown II defined how and when school desegregation would be achieved because there was no standard or deadline set in Brown I. The legal precedence of this time caused far reaching social and ideological implications that brought active changes in the 1960s and beyond. On the other hand, the legal altercate did not make immigration and civil right issues disappear because of the ambiguity of the legal decisions. The 1960s brought active race riots all over the U.S., deaths because of race, and more laws that declared discrimination illegal.On January 20, 1964, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was utter into the Presidency, after the sudden death of President John F. Kennedy. As America mourned the death of JFK, President Lyndon B. Johnson set(p) his hand on the Holy Bible that was being held by his wife and took the oath of office. On that particular day, Lyndon B. Johnson launched his new program called the Great Society. The agenda was intended to produce a better quality of life for all Americans. Reporters knew the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson as a legislative miracle. In fact, Dick West of the Dallas Morning word of honor expressed that Mr. Truman could not get started on a civil rights bill because a rebellious sexual congress passed an immigration law over a veto.Jack Kennedy took one whirl at federal aid to education, and then backed off. Then he tried to get Congress to set up a Department of Housing and Urban Development with Cabinet Status and was turned down in the kinsperson 264 to 150. On the other hand, West writes that President Johnson was able to get these laws passed exactly the way he wanted them, thus being named The Congressional Magician. President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on July 2, 1964, during a tiffin honoring late President Abraham Lincoln in the East room of the White House. The bill was about discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. The President sit at a small table in the center with racks holding 72 pens, which was an insufficient amount.He actually used over 100 pens to sign this triumphant bill into law. Robert F. Kennedy sat in the front row, Martin Luther King sat in the second row, and other senators and cabinet members attended. President Johnsons speech was swift but had great emphasis as he called on all Americans to close the springs of racial poison and eliminate the net vestiges of injustice in our beloved America.The President spoke of the challenge that Lincoln bestowed upon America asking for rescue of the union, enlargement of liberties for America and for being true to the Declaration of I ndependence which gives liberty to all. The speech was a calculate challenge for all Americans to ensure that all people including Black Americans will be a part of a complete and equal society.Immigrants thus have an equal opportunity to apply as police officers. However, it has been observed that most immigrants do not perform well in the written examination for police officers because the links between illiteracy and illegal immigration is astounding. Hispanic immigrants come to the United States without having the basic literacy skills needed (Garraty and Carnes, 2001). Teachers in Texas are finding that their classes are mostly English language learners. bilingualist assistants are there to say to students and teacher regarding training information and notes they are also there to translate during parent teacher conferences.Each state requires that each police officer candidate establish a language proficiency assessment to show that he passed the proficiency and achievemen t-level this is required for those individuals whose primary language is not English. The examining committee classifies the applicant and recommends placement and help to benefit the applicant. There are now reports that the translator and the English Language Learning programs are now astir(p). Most immigrants are visual learners hence English or Spanish languages are no barriers to learning. The problem is when the Hispanic people take the summers off to return to Mexico.Jackie tell that it seems like they lose the English proficiency learned previously. While some teachers see the problem improving there are immigrants who have voiced their concern. There are certain citizens who are concerned that teachers are spending more time because of English Language Learners and have even dealt with hearing the American-born individuals in a special class because of observation as a slow reader. Upon further investigation, it was realized the teacher was teaching and reading to the chi ldren in Spanish, which English- accosting students did not understand.Because education focus has become multi-cultural teachers use literature to teach about other cultures. Multi-cultural literature develops values and self-concept for students. On the other hand, some say American-born students reading and physical composition scores are declining and achievement gaps are closing. Some believe that many linguists and educators focus on the multicultural aspect, degrading the English Language. As of 1992, many states require teachers to have a certification to teach English as a Second Language, also called ESL in order to assist immigrants who are in training.Teachers must have the appropriate academic background is ESL theory and methodology. While there are some educators who back bilingual education, which is where students learn basic skills in their own language while they are learning to speak English. English-speaking students will have a chance to learn Spanish. However , we are facing political efforts to make English the United States official language. Senator Pete Domenci of New Mexico expressed that the inherent shallowness behind English solitary(prenominal) would deny the United States the opportunity to meet is full market potential.Therefore, he introduced an approach called English Plus. English-plus, adopted in New Mexicos constitution requiring those public school teachers must be trained in both English and Spanish so that Spanish-speaking students will be taught English properly. On the other hand, many believe there is no need to make English the official language of the United States because it limits us from having a worldview. The English Language is the most multi-cultural language and it celebrates diversity because of the multi-cultural influences from the French, Germans, and Africans, which continually make it powerful and diverse.There is an increase in the need for police officers to establish peace and order in the count ry. At the same time, the country is experiencing a rapid immigration increase of Hispanics and African American students. The appeal of the current level and police administration in terms of the hiring and recruitment process is an interesting area to cover.The costs of raising education potential for both African Americans and Latino students in order to provide equal opportunity for hiring immigrants would be high, yet there would be benefits by savings in public peace and order expenditures and increased tax revenues based on higher incomes. Holding onto our legacy of the past, we are now teaching with a cultural approach attempt to raise the academic and superior achievement of all trainees and students through culturally relevant lessons.ReferenceAARP, LCCR, Library of Congress (2004). Save Our floor Voices of Civil Rights. The History Channel The Hearst Corporation.Brown Foundation (1996). Brown VS Board of Education About the Case. Retrieved adjoin 9, 2006 from http//b rownvboard.org/summary/.Garraty, J.A. Carnes, M.C. (2001). A Short History of the American Nation. (P. 450). New York LongmanKlockars CB (2000) The measurement of police integrity. U.S. Department of Justice Research Briefs. May 2000.