An Analysis into the study of knowledge as a term

An analytical survey of cognition appreciates the term to hold several significances. I will turn to myself to three of them. The first significance concerns the ability possessed ensuing from larning. One can cognize how to utilize a library, one can cognize how to stand, walk or how to give a address that could elicit the audience. Another account of cognition involves the familiarity, acquaintance, and personal experience. A individual can cognize a topographic point by holding visited to the topographic point or cognize a politician by have a face to confront brush with him. Last the account of cognition can be the collected facts from experiments, observations and surveies, and doing decisions that justify personal or general belief. At a broader perspective cognition can be grouped into two classs, one is the silent cognition, which can non be expressed in words or Numberss. This is the proficient knowhow and accomplishments that can non be effectual be represented utilizing ma rk of linguistic communication or symbols. The 2nd class is that of explicit cognition that can be expressed in footings, words or symbols. This deals with the theoretical attack of work outing jobs. To my understanding the significance of being educated to one individual means something different to others. Harmonizing to Socrates who is considered to be the male parent of modern idea, the universe is divided into, the wise who know they are saps and the saps who think they are wise. Bing educated can be taken to intend that one is trained in a specific field every bit good as he is able be practically use the cognition gained. An educated individual has acquired general accomplishments and knowledge about topics and thoughts. Over and above acquisition of cognition he is able to analyse, understand signifier an sentiment and pass on this information sanely to others. To many people being educated creates a desire to larn more and invariably change at any given clip. Learning is a womb-to-tomb experience with cases that help determine our heads and our perceptual experiences. When specifying instruction in the context of schooling in needed to look beyond accomplishment of academic ends. The impression that the school ‘s first precedence is rational development is lifelessly. There a strong difference between those who propose instruction as a agency of making or developing and prolonging a democratic society and those who believe that a school ‘s primary function is economic, amounting to a future investing of workers and finally corporate net incomes. The phrase of good educated does non merely mention to the quality of schooling received but besides something about the personality of the scholar. If the term could be taken to intend what one knows and can make, there are many people who are ill educated despite holding a top notch instruction on the converse if the term is taken to mention to the quality of schooling received, the society overflows with good educated people who sat through categories and hardly registered relevant construct s. With these contrasting positions about instruction and cognition, there is a dramatic absence of consensus about what the term ought to intend. At this occasion I have to except some normally possessed misconceptions about being good educated. Merely being in category for a given period of clip can non do a individual educated although he may get some cognition. Imagining alumnuss who are good prepared for the workplace who are non regarded every bit good educated since they do n't hold the ability to use whatever they have learnt. It would be a error to cut down schooling and instruction to a vocational readying. High mark in school merely mean an ability to take standardised trials. Most of the instructors that I have interacted with can immediately call pupils who are talented minds but who merely do n't execute good in tests every bit good as pupils whose public presentation overestimates their rational gifts. As a affair of fact there is no individual trial that is sufficien tly dependable, valid, or adequate in its entireness that it can adequately be treated as a gage of academic success. Besides memorisation and acquaintance with a figure of words, books and thoughts have been rated as a hapless manner of evaluation as an deficient manner of to judge who is good educated. Finally to be good educated there is on constituent that play one of the major functions and that is the school attended. I have analyzed the best sort of a school to be one that is organized around jobs, inquiries and undertakings as opposed to facts, subjects, and accomplishments. Of class cognition is acquired but in context and for a purpose stressing on deepness instead than breath, compassed with find of thoughts more than covering a prescribed course of study. The instructors involved in the acquisition procedure are Renaissance mans and specializers ; they collaborate to offer interdisciplinary class that their pupils play an active function in planing. All this is accomplished in little democratic schools that are experienced as caring communities. It ‘s indefensible to hold a big school, with short categories that have immense tonss on instructor and still be pupil centered, other than a fact transmittal sort of direction scene. This is merely a powerful obstruction t o good acquisition. Therefore to be good educated can be accessed through a complex system, in which pupils reveal their apprehension by agencies of in depth undertakings, presentations and portfolios of assignments such appraisal is based on meaningful criterions of excellence and criterions that may jointly offer replies to the inquiry of ; what is to be educated? Assessment of cognition acquisition and educational success I would concentrate more on empirical logical thinking, societal logical thinking, quantitative logical thinking, communicating, and personal qualities that constitute duty ego consciousness and capacity for leading. Traveling by the definition of being educated the end of instruction is more instruction and hence being good educated is to hold the desire and holding both the chance and the agencies to do certain that larning ne'er ends. Therefore if larning be the thirst for cognition the pupils and the society at big must abandon the impression that instruction is clip devouring and obligatory make fulling our heads and replaced it with the thought that people ever thrive best while larning what they love. Though clip consuming, we ever find clip for what we love, therefore no clip is lost while we rattle from book to book, looking for connexions. Finally am contented every bit long as I read what I read with love, and have small or no concerns if I have really read plenty on what am obligated to read. Note that the whole universe is a schoolroom and to do it one, merely believe that it is. I ever consider that cognition is born out of contact with the universe, an instruction carpentered out of the best combination we can do of a school, reading, on-line geographic expedition and friendly relationship may be the best instruction of all instead than a hapless replacement that must apologise for itself in the shadow of academia. Adult scholars have an enviable manner of larning. I have observed that they are ne'er interested in larning merely for the interest of larning. They go to larn with a motivation of bettering their accomplishments in specific countries, looking for stuffs that reflect existent life challenges that either mirror their fortunes or exemplify a world that they would wish to cognize.

African Americans and Southern Racism During Reconstruction Essay

Introduction At the end of the Civil War, America faced the difficult task of uniting not only two separated territories of the United States, but also two races long separated by racism and culture. Devastated and embittered by the damage of the war, the South had a long way to go in order to achieve true equality between the former slave owners and former slaves. The majority of the South remained set in racist behavior, finding post-Civil War legal loopholes to diminish African American rights (Tindall & Shi, 2010, pp. 757-758). Southerners continued to marginalize Blacks in their behavior toward ex-slaves and the later African American generation, continuing the escalation of racial tensions through white terror and discriminatory attitudes (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 759). Most subversively, southern newspapers propagated stereotypes against African Americans in their coverage and descriptions of constitutional conventions (Logue, 1979, p. 342). Although Radical Reconstruction offered some prog ress toward social equality after the Civil War, its success was short-lived as African Americans suffered vast disenfranchisement through racist rulings, attitudes, and media representation in the South at the turn of the century. Rulings against African Americans After the Civil War had come to an end, African Americans in the South quickly made use of their new-found political and social rights, employing their right to vote from the Fifteenth Amendment and serving as prominent political figures (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 722). However, the formerly fervent commitment to Radical Reconstruction soon dwindled (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 739). Many of the advances toward civil equality were soon erased: In 1883, the Supreme Court declared the Civil Rights Laws of 1875 unconstitutional, and the political power Blacks had gained, especially in the South where 90% of Blacks lived, was completely undone. Black voter  participation dropped from 96% to 26% in South Carolina in just 12 years (1876-1888); in those same 12 years, voter participation of Blacks dropped from 53% to 18% in Georgia (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 5). Even while African Americans enjoyed an uninhibited freedom to voting rights, many still suffered disenfranchisement at the ha nds of rampant racial discrimination in the South. Although discontent Southerners could not impede the Black right to vote, they found ulterior methods to marginalize African Americans. â€Å"Since the Fifteenth Amendment made it impossible simply to deny African Americans the right to vote, disenfranchisement was accomplished indirectly, through such devices as poll taxes (or head taxes) and literacy tests† (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 757). â€Å"Jim Crow† laws mandated racial segregation in public areas in the South and were often accompanied by physical abuse and terror to African Americans (Tindall & Shi, 2010, pp. 756-759). These underhand activities in the South demonstrated that while African Americans were technically free, they continually suffered from unjust rulings and actions. These sprang from the rampantly racist attitudes in the South: Although great strides were made toward political and economic freedom for Blacks following the Civil War, the progress made was quickly squashed by political movements and rhetoric, which implied that Blacks could not handle their newly-found freedom and that the White working class was threatened by Blacks who were trying to take their jobs, their property, and their government away from them (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 5). Racist Attitudes Many Southerners continued to believe and propagate these ideas that African Americans had a subversive agenda to the White working class. These ideas culminated in deep-seated attitudes against African Americans in the South: â€Å"During the 1890s the attitudes that had permitted moderation in race relations evaporated. A violent ‘Negrophobia’ swept across the South and much of the nation at the end of the century† (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 756). However, African Americans at the turn of the century had become weary of disenfranchisement and were ready to stand up against these attitudes: â€Å"This generation was more assertive and less patient than their parents. ‘We are not the Negro from who the chains of slavery fell a quarter century ago, most assuredly not,’ a black editor announced† (Tindall &  Shi, 2010, p. 756). Unfortunately, this may have simply increased a White agenda of racial discrimination, as â€Å"a growing number of youn g white adults, however, were equally determined to keep ‘Negroes in their place’† (Tindall & Shi, 2010, p. 756). Whether Southerners felt that African Americans imposed a threat to their jobs, their safety, or their rights, the overarching attitude of the South clearly displayed a strong desire to maintain racial dominance of the pre-Civil War era. Part of this attitude motivated a desire to limit education for African Americans: To keep Blacks uneducated meant Whites could boast of their superior intellect; this had been in the arsenal of Whites for hundreds of years prior to Reconstruction and continues to be used over 130 years after Reconstruction. Denial of education for Blacks existed through Reconstruction as a form of White racism and a justification for their inferior political and economic status (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 6). Any kind of advantage Whites could claim in the South became ammunition in their discriminatory attitudes. These ideas and attitudes fed the propagation of racist stereotypes and bias in southern newspapers. Prejudiced Media in the South Perhaps the most subtle yet shocking form of racism in the South during Reconstruction was the biased reporting of many southern newspapers. Whether the ideas and attitudes of many southern Whites influenced these published stereotypes or vice versa, it is clear that southern publications often encouraged and promoted racist attitudes at the end of the century. A publication in Charleston, South Carolina displayed this racist subtext: â€Å"While promising its readers ‘truth,’ the Charleston Mercury mocked journalistic license by actually printing racist ridicule. A favorite method was to scorn African-Americans in the convention as a race, exploiting racist attitudes saved by white readers from slavery† (Logue, 1979, p. 339). Covering the constitutional convention in Columbia in 1867, white journalists used racist stereotypes in describing the black delegates’ involvement: â€Å"Reporters emphasized how blacks would â€Å"chuckle and grin,† thereby exploiting the racist assumption of many whites that blacks were mere fun-loving, animal-like creatures who had to be protected from themselves† (Logue, 1979, p. 341). The Charleston paper encouraged racist  attitudes through the ridicule of black speech and pronunciation, mocking ex-slave â€Å"ignorance† rather than reporting important issues discussed at the convention: When blacks debated the issue of ‘changing the title of districts to counties,’ for example, the only thing the reporters heard was â€Å"the very awkward sound of ‘deestrict’ as district is pronounced by some of the delegates.† Because of their preoccupation with such factors, reporters seldom informed their readers about issues that were discussed, such as public education, relief from debts, taxes, and so on (Logue, 1979, p. 342). In this manner, the South remained entrapped in a media-fueled suspicion and fear of African Americans, feeding the continued presence of racism and discrimination during the post-Civil War reconstruction. Conclusion In conclusion, the progress of Radical Reconstruction largely failed to reform the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South on a long-term scale. The attitudes of the Southern whites continued to influence the freedom of former slaves as they faced discriminating rulings, racist attitudes, and biased media. While some African Americans from further generations were largely unwilling to bow subserviently to the effects of white terror and discrimination, civil rights equality had a long and arduous path to completion in the South. While many of the racist attitudes of the post-Civil War South seem shocking to a modern-day reader, the influence of the actions and attitudes of white Southerners serves as a reminder of the power of repeated falsehoods, particularly within media subtext and bias. The disenfranchisement of African Americans during reconstruction displays the extent of deep-seated racial prejudice based on fear, stubbornness, and ignorance. As Burris-Kitchen and Burris point out: Throughout American history, Blacks have been demonized and criminalized, and this history has led us to where we are today. Until we can change the perceptions of Blacks through the media, political and economic arenas they will continue to pay the price for an inherently racist political, economic, educational, and criminal justice system (Burris-Kitchen & Burris, 2011, p. 14). References Burris-Kitchen, D., & Burris, P. (2011). From slavery to prisons: A historical delineation of the criminalization African Americans. Journal of Global Intelligence & Policy, 4 (5), 1-16. Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.library.regent.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=adef70d4-c4d9-4d2b-b5c9-3b1efa487879%40sessionmgr14&vid=2&hid=127# Logue, C. M. (March 1979). Racist reporting during reconstruction. Journal of Black Studies, 9 (3), 335-349. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784304 Tindall, G. B.; Shi, D. E. (2010). America: A narrative history (8th ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example The top executives like any other person have a right to appreciate other persons and give comments on their physical appearances, as well as their conducts. Since people do not look alike it normal for another person to compare a person with others especially if they are living together (Solotoff & Kramer, 2006). It is not right to assume that when someone is comparing two or more persons is doing so to seduce them or harass them sexually. For the top executives in an organization, they may compare the appearances and the conducts of female workers for the sole purpose of marketing their company. This may work well for the company if the most attract ladies is located where they can interact with the clients for the purpose of marketing the company. According to Solotoff and Kramer (2006) the "United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sexual harassment is gender discrimination in violation of title VII Civil Rights Act 1964." The employers are held accountable for the sexual harassment of their employees while at their workplace. The conducts of the top executives of the accounting firms in the case study amounts to sexual harassment because result of their conducts was demeaning to the female workers in the organization. There were previous claims of sexual harassment in the same companies and some workers had sued the company successfully against sexual harassment. Furthermore, it was against the company’s culture because there are requirements that physical appearance was a requirement for employment. The top executives conducts were immoral and ill intended because it may lower the work moral of the female workers rated low and may even affect their social interactions with other employees. In conclusion, the conducts top executives of the accounting firms were unethical and were tantamount to sexual harassment of the female employees. The

The Ethics Of Online Retailing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ethics Of Online Retailing - Research Paper Example The first category of interactions involves disclosure statements and requests for information issued by marketers to prospective customers. These are legitimate statements and requests that aim to help businesses better tailor their products and services to their customers’ needs. Secondly, there are exchanges of information voluntarily undertaken by consumers, with the expectation that they will be subsequently contacted by the respective marketer. Third, there is the capture of information not volunteered by the consumer. Not all information gathered this way is unethical, because there is much that marketers may observe concerning consumers during the course of their transaction, but such capture must not be intrusive against the privacy of the consumer. The fourth aspect concerns information practices or the manner by which the gathered information (from both marketers and consumers) may be used by both parties. The past two decades of computer technology application has triggered a flurry of academic research concerning the proper use and abuse of the new medium. Internet capability has presented so many enticing prospects for business and especially it's marketing function that, as is often the case, the potential for use is accompanied with potential for abuse. Roman and Cuestas (2008) polled web consumers for their views about which unethical acts they have the greatest concern over. There are four such types of abusive practices, namely: security, privacy, deception and fulfillment or reliability. In the study, Roman and Cuestas (2008, p. 648) described each of the issues in the following manner: The researchers developed a rating scale by which they sought to measure the relative degree of consumers’ concern.

DROPPING THE ATOMIC BOMB RIGHT OR WRONG DEBATE Essay

DROPPING THE ATOMIC BOMB RIGHT OR WRONG DEBATE - Essay Example This in turn forced U.S to use force to compel them of thinking otherwise (Wainstock, 76). 2. The decision was right because it would bring a swift end to the war that if left alone would have carried on for many years. This would in turn lead to millions of people being killed only because of a war that both sides would have agreed. The Japanese had Kamikazes, and this turned out to be one of the most expensive operations that the United States had encountered. Most of the U.S navy suffered since they were on the offensive. The United States had to move in order to reduce their casualties on land (Wainstock, 91). 3. The bombing was the right decision because it proved that the United States of America were the world’s dominating world power and thus they wanted to prove that they could have ended the way with the flick of a switch. The United States had acquired a new device and was willing to try it on anyone who would challenge their power. At the time, they were in conflicting terms with Japan and this meant that Japan would face the brunt of their actions. Had the U.S chosen to march into Japan to fight the enemy, they would have lost because Japan had the numbers. There was no way that America would win with the convectional force that awaited them on land (Wainstock, 136). 4. America was racing with time because the Japanese ministry had decided that they would leave no prisoners when the war ended. Anyone who was caught would have to deal with Japan and the punishment for being caught was death. There were about 1 million Chinese people who had been caught during the war and out of these; only about 55 remained by the time they wished to surrender. They were killing them in masses such as burning them alive in groups. If the war had continued longer, it would have meant that there would be more people who would have

The Margaret Sanger Memorial Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Margaret Sanger Memorial Park - Essay Example This essay discusses that the monument will serve as a direct remembrance for women of how hard the fight for equality has been, and similarly, how much further we as Americans have to go. For the visitor, it will symbolize the strength not only of the need for everyone to have freedom but also that even one voice, if persistent, can have a huge impact on American society. Ms. Sanger is emblematic of American’s, using her freedom and voice to help and protect millions of others. A monument to her can only serve as a monument to every citizen and visitor who believes that one person can make a difference. To create this memorial, the author proposes a small park, of no more than one city block. The park shall be open on all sides, welcoming people to come and rest. There will be no vendors allowed in the park, to allow people to simply enjoy. In one corner of the park, a playground shall be built, commemorating Ms. Sanger’s love of children, and belief that children from a planned family will be happy and well cared for. In the center, a statue shall be erected with her image, and on the bottom, a quote â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother†. While it will be simple, it is merely a celebration of her life and allows life to go on around it, much as Ms. Sanger would have wanted. She devoted her life to serving others, and there is no better monument than a place where people can relax and be happy, and to enjoy watching children run and play. Socially, this monument supports women and also those who believe that anyone can make a difference.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 23

English - Essay Example The absence of the physical identity of the individuals in the internet tended to loosened them up as they become invisible behind their digital personality. This has created problems such as; â€Å"the growing incidence of online fraud and identity theft, privacy incursions, copyright infringements, trademark violations, domain name disputes, spamming, computer viruses, inadequate or vaguely defined consumer protection laws, and terrorist-related and pornographic websites† (David 2006). These issues became so alarming that the idea of regulating internet came into mind. Many people are suggesting that perhaps it is now time for the government to step in to enforce its police power to stop these issues online. But one cannot help to think whether it is proper for the government to step in the cyberspace and whether it will be effective if ever it has to step in. Without doubt, the internet needs some sort of regulation of acceptable conduct but whether it should be the government who should enforce it is questionable. Governments are limited by geography and laws are relative depending on what country are you from. What is acceptable in one country may not be permissible in another. Say for example in China where it is not advisable to speak against the government while it is perfectly alright in the United States and such right is even protected by its laws. Given such relativity of laws, it would be difficult for any government to enforce its laws on other sovereign state for that would tantamount to conflict. Government is also a suspect in terms of policing the cyberspace. We have already seen in other countries how government can react when given the prerogative to regulate the internet. It abridges information and censures freedom of speech. Classic example is Libya where anti-government forces has to find creative means to access the internet just to share to the world what is happening there during its revolution. Libyan government literally

Annoted Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annoted Bibliography - Essay Example Napoleon asserts his leadership after the animals capture the farm from its former cruel owner, Mr. Jones. However, the satire of this novel is centered upon the pigs’ tyranny over the other animals. The novel is the basis of the famous idiom â€Å"all animals are equal, but some are more equal than others†. The novel was inspired by George’s experiences of communist behavior in Russia during the Spanish Civil War; it is a tale of the communist revolution in Russia. The novel addresses not only the corruption in leadership, but also the ignorance of the people; it exemplifies corruption and wickedness as the vice in rebellion, and not the actual deed of rebellion. This novel is dubbed the best analogy of political satire in the mid twentieth century as it exemplifies the gullibility of subjects and the dictatorship of leaders in contrast to the ideal society where all people are equal. Steadman, R. (1996) George Orwell: Animal Farm (50th Anniversary edition). USA : Signet Classics This variation of the original Animal Farm was done by Ralph Steadman to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the literary work. In the rendition, Steadman introduces some of Orwell’s proposed inclusion in the novel. ... Steadman exemplifies Orwell’s satirical outlook on the rebellion in animal farm which is a symbol of the rebellion against corruption and tyranny all around the world. This edition includes Orwell’s additions during a press interview, which were ignored in the previous edition. Moreover, Steadman analyses Orwell’s explicit fable of a browbeaten and overworked society and their pursuance of justice and equality. The author shows that such a paradise is feasible in the mind, but actual fulfillment is deterred by greed and corruption. The text illustrates the rise and gory fall of revolutionary animals and appreciates the abolitionism in most, if not all, societies by poking fun at the leaders and oppressors while at the same time drawing attention to the idealism they create but do not endorse. Secondary Sources Lake, P. (2010). The  Animal Farm  of the 21st Century. Arkansas: Arkansas Tech University. In March 2010, Paul Lake gave a lecture on George Orwellâ⠂¬â„¢s novels at the Arkansas Tech University and cited Animal Farm as Orwell’s book as the greatest allegory of the society. Lake associated the novel to the modern society as tyranny and corruption are witnessed on a daily basis. Lake, who is the author of Cry Wolf, drew attention to Orwell’s depiction of the down trodden members of society whose desire for a better future is unwavering. Lake exemplifies the twenty first century society as a modern animal farm where although the down trodden continue to suffer and be overworked for the benefit of a few; they still consider the leadership as upright and effective. He spoke of the ideal twenty first society as one which upholds all individual’s rights to expression and freedom from oppressive or slave driven rule. His talk seeks to educate on

Argo Case Study Leadership Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Argo Case Study Leadership Analysis - Essay Example In addition, they have noted some areas that are certainly in need of improvement. This report addresses each. 1. Part A - Leadership Criteria: From the case study of ARGO, select ONE sub criteria from the Leadership section and assess it using the RADAR methodology and EFQM requirements of the Leadership criteria. 1.1 Two Strength areas (things ARGO did well as related to applying the requirements stipulated in the criteria or the RADAR) Let us consider section 1 d of the leadership portion of the case study. This section details that ARGO leaders are to reinforce a culture of excellence with the organization’s people. As of recent assessment, it was felt that the manager were not living up to this part of the vision, partly because they themselves felt cut off from the corporate culture of ARGO. This was understandable, but certainly an area that could be improved upon. One strength area that was implemented rested in the CEO of the company taking two days in February to hos t a retreat style event over two days. This event provided the entire company a chance to connect with its various leaders and to be reminded of the corporate vision of ARGO. The nature of the work that the company is quite stressful, and given the remote location of many of the job sites, disconnect can often set it. These events provide an opportunity not only for the CEO to share what has been happening in the company, but also to hear from various managers about aspects of the business that need improving. In this sense, the company has done well an deploying a system of enablers, under the RADAR logic of the EFQM model. Rather than simply sending out corporate memos that dictated company policies on a continent wide scale, the company has enabled its respective managers to carry out leadership functions based on their own unique situations, as long as they within the company vision. By meeting together once a year, in a strategic environment, the company is further enabling an atmosphere of teamwork and congeniality to be developed that should serve to enhance the quality of relationships experienced by all employees. A second strength exhibited in this area involves the change to have all managers leave their enclosed office and work out amongst their staff in an open plan layout. This puts the focus on the employees. It makes them feel that they are valued and important. In addition, it allows the manager to have a better grasp of the overall work culture in the office. You see, when a manager remains in a closed office, or even one with a strong open door policy, they cannot possibly pick up on the attitudes and feelings of their staff. They do not know the struggles that are potentially being encountered by the team, nor do they really know what is going well. By sitting amongst the staff, problems can often times be headed off before they emerge into serious situations. This also enables the managers at ARGO to truly reinforce a culture of excellence that is being talked about in this leadership section. When sitting in a closed office, the staff are not really able to see what the manager is doing. If things are not going well within the organization, the manager will be the one initially to blame because the staff will no see that they are truly performing their duties in line with the culture and vision of the company. This has been express before on EFQM self-assessments where the employees do not always believe

GIS design and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

GIS design and technology - Essay Example The paper tells that Geographical Information System (GIS) was created with the ability to assemble, analyze, manipulate, update, store and display information which has been geographically referenced according to the location of the data. For it to function it requires a vast amount of data hence making the projects which use GIS very expensive. Its data originate from images of satellites, maps, GPS data from survey an all other instruments which can attribute data. Before the development of Internet GIS large amount of data of different field like road networks, sewer lines, telecommunication lines and natural resources were useless as they were available in large unorganized states which makes them hard to retrieve and analyze. The creation of GIS solved this problem hence the organization of GIS databases which had all the information needed. Elangovan attributes GIS development is to different disciplines like databases, computer science, computer mapping, Computer Aided Design , remote sensing, geography, Cartography and many more. Different discipline had different functions in the GIS. Databases is used to store, manipulate and retrieval of the data. Computer mapping is used to create maps in the computer while the remote sensing is used to take satellite images. Through the combination of these and other disciplines the GIS emerged a super field which is very helpful. The development of GIS can be generally grouped into four stages of development according to Elangovan (2006, p.10). Between 1960 and 1975 there was introduction of the GIS concept. Due to this fact only few people used in mainframe computers. In between 1973 and early 1980s though many experiment and practice were done, there was little information as individuals were the one doing the research hence duplication of work. There was development of many GIS software between 1982 and late 1990s. This improved the growth of GIS. The last stage is between 1990 and 2000. In this stage there was standardization of the GIS due to the easy availability of software both for ensuring user friendliness and for a platform for working. After 2000 GIS had multi use like virtual reality, mobile mapping and web based GIS. Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965 was successful in the creation of processing of graphic data through computer aid. This fastened the development of GIS. Agencies in USA, Canada and the UK started using the GIS for the processing of large data amounts. The first to use GIS was the Canada government. The Canadian government used the GIS for management of land and other resources. The US government used the GIS for Geographical Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) which is used to analyze data on the use of land and land cover. In 1970s the Swedish bank on land data used the GIS to make the registration of land and properties automatic. After the development of Geographical Information Mapping and Management System (GIMMS) by the University of Minnesota , in 1963, there was publishing of the Atlas of Britain through the use of information in the GIS. It was printed by the Bickmore and his team of cartography. In 1970 there was publishing of the first multicolour map in Britain. The production of commercial GIS was done by the Harvard Graphic labs in 1970. There was also creation of many cartographic packages like GIMMS, GRID, GEOMAP and MAP. Between 1970s and 1980s there was development of many GIS packages. In 1975 after the first academic meeting about GIS in the UK there was release of the

Anne Frank Book Summary Essay Example for Free

Anne Frank Book Summary Essay I’ve just finished reading The Diary of a Young Girl, by Anne Frank. Anne Frank’s diary was begun on June 14th, 1942 and her last entry was on August 1st, 1944. Her diary was mostly about the Holocaust, when her family went into hiding. Anne’s family included herself, her sister (Margot Frank), her mother (Edith Frank), and her father (Otto Frank). This story was set in Prinsengracht, Amsterdam. I chose to read this book because stories that relate to war, really interest me. It all started on Anne’s thirteenth birth, when she received a diary from her parents. She was really excited because she wanted someone or something, she could tell her thoughts to. Even though Anne had a rich social life, she felt as if people didn’t know the real her. She began writing about daily events, school, boys, etc. Within a month, her entire life changed. More and more Jewish people were getting captured and receiving call ups. Call ups mean to surrender now and go to concentration camp. The family decided to go into hiding. They moved into a little section of Anne’s father’s office building that was walled off and hidden behind a singing bookcase. It was called â€Å"the Secret Annex†. For two years, the Frank family lived in â€Å"the Secret Annex†. Mr. and Mrs. van Daan and their son Peter (a little older than Anne) were also hiding with them. Later, Mr. Dussel, an elderly dentist, moved in and Anne had to share a room with him. Anne’s whole life now revolved around getting used to hearing gunshots and bombs. She started drifting away from her family because she spent more time studying and ready instead of spending time with them. Anne started to change as she began to spend time with Peter van Daan. Around that time, she started having dreams about a bout she was in love with, another Peter, Peter Schiff. She always came to see Peter (of the Annex) more than she used to. Before, Anne thought he was an obnoxious, hypersensitive and a lazy guy, but he turned out to be sensitive and caring. Eventually their relationship changed, and they became more than friends. Another big change for Anne happened, when the war was beginning to end. She heard on the radio that â€Å"personal accounts such as her diary will be in demand after the war ends†. She than started editing her diary with excitement! Unfortunately that didn’t last long. Anne started becoming more sensitive to the world around her. She felt completely alone. She felt constantly criticized and there was no escape. At one point, Anne thought it might’ve been better if she and her family had all died instead of hiding in the Annex. Things got a lot harder on Anne. The secret Annex was raided. On the morning of August 4th, 1994, they arrested all of the people in hiding. They were first brought to a prison in Amsterdam and then transferred to Westerbork, the transit camp for Jewish people in north of Holland. They were deported on September 3rd, 1944, in the last transport to leave Westerbork, and they arrived three days later in Auschwitz (Poland). Mr. van Daan (Hermann van Pels) was gassed to death in Auschwitz in October or November 1944. Mrs. van Daan (Auguste van Pels) died at and unknown concentration camp. Peter van Daan (Peter van Pels) was forced to take part in the â€Å"death march† from Auschwitz to Mauthausen (Austria), where he died on May 5th, 1945, right before the camp started. Albert Dussel (Fritz Pfeffer) died on December 20th, 1944, in the Neuengamme concentration camp. Edith Frank died in Auschwitz-Birkenau on January 6th, 1945, from hunger and exhaustion. Margot and Anne Frank had gotten typhus, caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhi or Rickettsia prowazekii, and their bodies were dumped in the Bergen-Belsen’s (concentration camp) mass graves. The only sole survivor was Otto Frank. He was the one who published Anne’s diary. The thing is, to this day, no one knows who exposed them. Every time I read this book, it gets better every single time. It also leaves me crying about ten minutes. It also makes me realize how lucky and blessed I am. Anne was such a brave girl, I could never imagine being in her position. I give this book ten out of then, it was one the best books I’ve ever read. I definitely recommend everyone to read The Diary of a Young Girl.

Okonkwos tradition drink palm-wine

Okonkwos tradition drink palm-wine Chapter 1 â€Å"He was a man of action, a man of warOn great occasions such as the funeral of a village celebrity he drank his palm-wine from his first human head.† (Page 10) This quote introduces us of to Okonkwos tradition to drink his palm-wine from a human skull. This shows us the difference between Okonkwo and Ibo. This also shows that Okonkwo admires men who are tough fighters as well. He rejected his father, a man who was afraid of the sight of blood, partially because he never became a fighter. Chapter 2 â€Å"Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness.†(Page 13) The quote emphasizes that Okonkwo felt that his father was a failure. According to Okonkwo, his father possessed unsuitable feminine qualities. This is one of the fundamental causes which cause him to commit some silly acts. His actions also results in his eldest son in becoming a â€Å"failure† (in Okonkwos opinion) as well. His son possesses none of the qualities that Okonkwo admires. Chapter 3 â€Å"An old woman is always uneasy when dry bones are mentioned in a proverb. Okonkwo remembered his own father.†(Page 21) This Ibo proverb shows how much Okonkwo hates his father. He felt that he was a failure and he basically rejects everything that his father stood for. He is ashamed of his father, primarily because of his coward-like qualities, his failure to rise up in society, and his failure to become a warrior. Chapter 4 â€Å"But he was not the man to go about telling his neighbors that he was in error. And so people said he had no respect for the gods of the clan. His enemies said that his good fortune had gone to his head.† (Page 33) In this quote, Achebe portrays Okonkwos character. Okonkwo clearly shows a lack of thought topped by his pretentiousness. He was not a very likable person. Thus, people hated him and his achievements and was respected by very few. Later on in the novel, we also see another characteristic develop in Okonkwo hypocrisy. In those later chapters, he will reject everything he and his tribesman stand for. Chapter 5 â€Å"The Feast of the New Yam was held every year before the harvest began, to honor the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the clan. New yams could not be eaten until some had first been offered to these powers. Men and women, young and old, looked forward to the New Yam Festival because it began the season of plentythe new year.† (Page 36) When we were reading Great Expectations, we were asked to carefully analyze the food present in the novel. The food present in Things Fall Apart is as significant. Yams was the main source of food. In fact, the yams were so highly regarded in the society that they were often called the â€Å"the king of the crops.† Further, people utilized the yams for all traditional celebrations. This food can be linked with the religious and ancestral societal spirits. Certain celebrations such as the New Yam Festival took place to honor certain foods. Chinua Achebe used agriculture to express certain characteristics of each festival and celebration of the Igbo society. Chapter 6 â€Å"The wrestlers were now almost stillin each others grip. The muscles on their arms and their thighs and on their backs stood out and twitched It looked like an equal match.† (Page 50) Although this chapter may seem significant it actually has a very significant common idea the wrestling match. Although wrestling may seem like a brutal sport, it was an integral part of the local culture and society. Tribal customs outline what every member is supposed to do. Without customs, a culture does not exist. Moreover, wrestling matches for the Ibo village signified a boy becoming a man. The only way to prove himself worthy to be a man is to wrestle. This shows the importance of physical strength in the tribe. Chapter 7 â€Å"No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man.† (Page 53) Okonkwo, the protagonist of the novel, is a very gender-role oriented man. When women gained the power to trade, we are made aware that their status in society is progressing upwards. Trade changed basic family relations and the ideas upon which Igbo culture was established. It seems the idea that a man should â€Å"rule his women and children† does not perhaps come from Okonkwo himself, but rather from the Igbo culture itself. Overall, however, this quote symbolizes that women were looked upon as being inferior to men at the time. Chapter 8 â€Å"When did you become a shivering old woman, Okonkwo asked himself, you, who are known in all the nine villages for your valor in war? How can a man who has killed five men in battle fall to pieces because he has added a boy to their number? Okonkwo, you have become a woman indeed.† (Page 65) The Ibo culture is very different from modern culture as shown by the novel. One clear difference between most modern societies and the Ibo society was that warfare between different clans or tribes does not occur. The Ibo culture praises manliness and parades fighters. Today, society teaches us to honor warriors who fight against other countries, rather than with regional clans. This quote shows that vast difference between the two time periods. Chapter 9 â€Å"For the first time in three nights,Okonkwo slept.He woke up oncein the middle of thenightand his mind went back to the pastthreedays without making him feel uneasy. He began to wonder why he had felt uneasy at all.† (Page 75) In this quote, we see that Okonkwo is noticing something wrong. He feels that something is simply not right, yet he cannot figure what it quite is. Later on in the novel, we will learn that â€Å"things fall apart.† This quote is an indication that something wrong will happen. This shows Achebe using foreshadowing to provide insight into what might happen next. Chapter 10 â€Å"Okonkwos wives, and perhaps other women as well, might have noticed that the secondegwugwuhad the springy walk of Okonkwo. And they might also have noticed that Okonkwo was not among the titled men and elders who sat behind the row ofegwugwu. But if they thought these things they kept them to themselves.† (Pages 89-90) This quote portrays a scene in much detail while also using humor. The â€Å"thoughtful silence† of the women is extremely ironic. The quote reveals the attitude of women on the topic of power. Here, the women also reveal that they posses more knowledge of reality as compared to what they wish to reveal. Therefore, Achebe seems to recognize the importance and equality of women, something which was not usually regarded in a male dominant society. Chapter 11 â€Å"Go home and sleep, said Okonkwo. I shall wait here.† (Page 108) Okonkwo seems to genuinely love his family. He also seems to have genuine concern over the welfare and wellbeing of his children. In this quote, Okonkwo demonstrates his concern over the safety of his family. Although some would argue that Okonkwos â€Å"iron fisted† rule clearly shows no love for his family, I would differ. Perhaps, these beatings, instead, represented the way people acted in the society at that time. Physical punishment was very common in the era. Therefore, it is possible that Okonkwo was only using the beatings as a method to teach his children discipline. Basically, Okonwo loves his family, however, he is afraid to show this quality since her fears that it might portray him as being feminine. Chapter 12 â€Å"Okonkwo was also feeling tired, and sleepy, for although nobody else knew it, he had not slept at all last night.† (Page 112) Chapter 12 marks the first time that Okonkwo seems to be tired. This was a quality that he detested. Achebe shows Okonkwos tiredness to conflict with his earlier beliefs. This shows Okonkwos hypocritical nature. The fact that Okonkwo broke his vow is crucial since they were the foundation of his life. This will cause problems for him further on in the novel. Chapter 13 â€Å"The only course open to Okonkwo was to flee from the clan.† (Page 124) In the second part of the novel, Achebe uses several incidents that hold back Okonkwo from the commendation of his tribesman, establishing asimilarity towards his own father. This was surprising considering his own hatred for his father. In this quote Okonkwo accidently kills the tribesmans son and then escapes from the village to hide from any punishment. This shows his cowardness, a characteristic possessed by his father. This also shows Okonkwos hypocrisy. After all, he, himself, looked down upon cowards. Chapter 14 â€Å"It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning to become left-handed in old age.†(Page 131) Okonkwo, after noticing change in his society, felt difficult to go on with his life. He had to start a news chapter in his life. This quote illustrates Okonkwo as a person who seems to have lost his will to live life. Okonkwos qualitys and his goal in becoming a fighter, unlike his father, fade away and he becomes a different man. Chapter 15 â€Å"Those were good days when a man had friends in distant clans. Your generation does not know that. You stay at home, afraid of your next-door neighbor. Even a mans motherland is strange to him nowadays.† (Page 137) In this quote, Unchendu is telling Okwondo about the past. Although, the quote refers to men interacting within their classes, on a deeper level, it shows the change that has occurred within the society. People are changing and tradations are changing as well. The traditions that the people of the society want to stay the same are changing as well. This will eventually be the â€Å"things† that fall apart. Yet, all of this was expected. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Since everything was going so perfectly, something was bound to happen. Chapter 16 â€Å"The missionaries had come to Umuofia. They had built their church there, won a handful of converts and were already sending evangelists to the surrounding areas and villages.† (Page 143) The invasion of the Europeans of Africa was expected. Achebe mentions that the missionaries were moving there. Although, I do not endorse the Europeans coming into Africa, the Europeans coming into the village illustrated a very interesting idea the clashing of cultures. Their invasion of the villages illustrated how the traditional values of the Umuofia society could be so easily changed by this modern theology. This gives everyone a chance to think for themselves, rather than simply following what was traditionally thought of to be right. It gave the people a choice. This choice was taken by Nwoye who made his own path in life. Chapter 17 â€Å"Living fire begets cold, impotent ash.†(Page 153) This quote is metaphor for a very important idea. This comes after Nwoyesrejection of traditional Igbo values and conversion to Christianity. Nwoye, the oldest son of Okonkwo, is lazy and weak (according to Okonkwo). This quote emphasizes the realization of Okonkwo that his behavior leaves powerlessness in others, especially his son. Okonkwo believes the Nwoye and his father posses the same weakness. Chapter 18 â€Å"In the land of his fathers where men were bold and warlike. In these seven years he would have climbed to the utmost heights. And so regretted everyday of his exile† (p.163). This excerpt also emphasizes Okonkwos desire for power and status. During his exile, Okonkwo got in touch with the feminine side inside him. Okonkwo is a man who loves courage and Umuofia was full of men who fit that description. It seems that Okonkwo will go back to Umuodia and everything will have changed. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Nothing has â€Å"fallen apart,† yet so something is bound to happen. This idea shows that Achebe, like Charles Dickens, too, uses the idea of foreshadowing. Chapter 19 â€Å"I fear for you young people because you do not understand how strong is the bond of kinship. You do not know what it is to speak with one voice.† (Page 167) This quote is told by an elder to Okwondo. Kinship and connections, which have been crucial parts of the Ibo culture, seem to â€Å"fall apart† as the novel progresses. This quote sparks questions in my mind. Was there any fragmentation amongst the Ibo people from colonization? The Ibo people gathered for wrestling matches and other festivities. Okonkwo clashes with his culture very often. Chapter 20 â€Å"The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.† (Page 176) Obierika mourns over the white man coming to Africa. However, at the same time, he believes that it is the Africans fault for letting the white man come. Mr. Brown, the first white missionary, believes that it is necessary to act peacefully in order to convert people. When Reverend Smith replaces him, he goes against the indigenous tribes and treats them badly. Chapter 21 â€Å"He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women† (Page 183) Okonkwo wanted that the ideology of his clan should survive. The society to have several violent attributes. By giving into the Christians, Umuofia broke up and fell apart and turned as â€Å"soft as women.† I believed that Okonkwo did not pay the consequences because he killed the messenger. Okonkwo had killed others before. Okonkwo died because he did it for himself and the beliefs of the clan.The quote above not only shows Okonkwos dismay at the fall of the clan, but also his hatred of feminine qualities, a controversial topic in the novel. Chapter 22 He saw things as black and white.And black was evil.He saw the world as a battlefield in whichthe children of light were locked in mortal conflict with the sons of darkness. (Page 184) Mr. Smith speaks against the god Baal. Many struggles against Baal have been mentioned in the Bible. This shows Achebes criticism of racism. Achebe criticizes the â€Å"black and white† idea. Most racism is based on stories rather than any practical events. Therefore, this view has modified reality, something which Achebe seems to be very against. Chapter 23 â€Å"For the first time in many years Okonkwohad a feeling that was akin to happiness. The times which had altered so unaccountably during his exile seemed to be coming round again. The clan which had turned false on him appeared to be making amends.† (Page 192) This quote symbolizes a change, something which has happened very rarely in the novel. The status of the clan remains somewhat the same in various portions of the novel. However, at this time, the tribe is prosperous which is unlike the norm. However, this happiness will not last for long. After all, the novel has to live up to its expectations which are clearly revealed in the novel something must fall apart. This indicates that perhaps the tribe will disintegrate in the last few chapters. This might lead to a drastic turn in the novel. Chapter 24 â€Å"He knew that that Umuofia would not go to war. He knew because they had let the other messengers escape† (Page 205). Okonkwos suicide meant more than his own tragedy. It symbolized the finish of his society and all the values that prevailed. I think he killed himself because he felt there was no more hope in believing that his tribe would survive and defend itself. Okonkwo tried to represent that everything his tribe wanted. If the tribe wasnt going to survive with the way people were growing up, then he wanted to die too. If the societys life was going to be taken, his was going to be taken too. Chapter 25 â€Å"He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought:The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.† (Page 209) This quote indicates the racist attitude that the District Commissioner has towards the local tribes. He is a pompous man who thinks he understands the indigenous culture and tribes, while he clearly does not. While he feels that he is bringing peace to the region, he is clearly doing nothing of the sort. He also seems to be very shallow. He makes remarks on â€Å"love of superfluous words† of the villagers. In this, he mocks the language of the villagers.

Liberalism Is The Most Convincing Of Theories Politics Essay

Liberalism Is The Most Convincing Of Theories Politics Essay Other theories of international relation have been created to guide a states relationship with the international society. These include the classical realism, liberalism, the English school and others. Of all the theories of international relations learned in this module, liberalism interests me most. Liberalism as a theory in international relation holds some interesting supports and views which are not only important but very crucial and practical in the modern global economy. It is a political philosophy that emphasizes the power of institutions and individual liberalism seeks a society where there exists a free market economy that simplify private enterprise, exchange of idea is independent, rule of law and a transparent system of government. International relations, liberalism is of specific importance as regards world peace and security, environmental protection, trade and fostering good relation between different states. Liberalism and international relation It is no doubts that the issues of peace, security, welfare, environment and trade are the weightiest matters in international relation. No any other theory addresses these issues as does the liberalism. The basic argument is that, both the state and non state actors are important as far as international relations are concerned (Burchill et al, 2005). The state does not perform alone player in the international scene by enhancing their state capability. Rather, the state has to bias to individual benefit and other non state actors to guide and determine its behavior when dealing with other states or nations on that area. Therefore an individual should not work for the state but the state should be work to complete the wishes and concern of people. The reasoning is that individuals make up the state and the world is one big community of individual. This perception is specially very related with modern globalization and technological advancement which have seen the organization of a gl obal community. Dunne, Kurki and Smith (2007) could be observe that, the heart of assumption in all classical liberal theories is that domestic actors and structures strongly agree on foreign policy direction and the behavior of the state in international relations. Even though all under the powerful umbrella of liberalism, there exist different approaches with small differences in terms of how they view and interpret international relations. Mostly, liberalists could be seen on two dimensions. The first dimension comprises of those liberalists theories proceedings and interaction. It puts attention on the domestic actors and tries to understand, give explanation how their identities and interest to do decide foreign policy options and international relations (Burchill, 2005). The second dimension, on the other hand comprise of theories which bias themselves to structures and agents as the basis to international relations. Liberalists liable to this dimension take their care on institutional feature s within the state to explain international behavior (Dunni, Kurki Smith, 2007). According to two dimensions are further differed based on whether their theoretical assumptions support rationalism or constructivism. Despite the differences, liberalists hold important basic ideals which are particularly good and helpful in international relations. The basic principles of liberalism lay on the individual. The individual here also point to the collectivities of individuals such as institutions, firms and other organizations. The individual and not the states interests should come first. The work of the state is to support the rule of law and see to it that it is enforced. Since individuals are the ones who make up the state, the state cannot be active unilaterally except it is serving the benefit of those that it represents (Linklater, 2000; Richardson, 2001). The state derives power from the citizens and has controlled power to do unilaterally. The state should be governed in manner that respects the rights of its citizens to property, life and above all, individual freedom. Given that individuals expand to beyond the state such as international organizations and firms, are not only inconsistency but also cooperation can shape international affairs. Liberalism believes in the power of human reason and individuals rational principles could be put into perform in international relations. For example, according to Kant extrapolating in 1795 the foundations of liberal thinking; If the consent of the citizens is required to decide that war should be declaredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ nothing is more natural than they would be very cautious in commencing such a poor game, decreeing for themselves all are the calamities of war. Among the latter would be: having to fight, having to pay the costs of war from their own resources, having painfully to repair the devastation war were leaves behind, and, to fill up the measure of evils, load themselves with a heavy national debt that would embitter peace itself that can never be liquidated on account of constant wars in the future. (Kant 1795)(as cited by Dunni, Kurki Smith, 2007). In a liberalist conduct state, individuals and not the state unilateral carefulness will have to determine on major decisions that affect international relations. The issue such as the war on terrorism which absolutely involves two or more state actors would have to be agreed by the citizens. In so doing, they would have weighed the benefits and costs of supporting such a move and agree to responsibilities and whichever outcomes results. The other point is those liberalists are very cheerful that, when individual are left free to make up their reason can attain mutually beneficial cooperation. Even though individuals, like they are left to reason freely tend to additional their own self interests. Such diverse self interests exist on just a few issues. In many of the issues individuals will have analogous views and interests. It is common interests on the majority of issues that foster mutual social interests and help set up good international relations. Thus of modernization and globalization are seen as the outcome of these reasoning. Since modernization represent progress be it economic or social which in turn develop the human life, so does international relations improve with liberalism. According to Evans Newnham (1998), the relevance and importance of liberalism in international relations could be seen in four areas. That are, the first area respects world peace. World peace cannot be achieved except there is the spread of democratic institutions in globally. By democratic institutions it means, there exist democratic systems in the state that allows people to freely scorn the elected government but no as to disagree with it, its right to be the government (Shapiro, 2003). Therefore exists free spaces through which individuals and other non-state actors can act with decorum, independence and vision. The second importance is belief of liberalism is that mean exist a natural harmony of interests. In this regard, people and sates will have the independence to make their own rational judgments and as a result is building national interest, international interests one and the similar. In basically, this core belief rests on the first one, it about democratic institutions. Where there is the being of democratic institutions, the state will not have the power to proceed unitary without respecting the will of its citizens. The state exists for the people and therefore it would not have any other alternative but to make decisions that majority of the people agree with. Individual actors will however have diverse interest spanning beyond their national boundaries. It is these spanning interests that in the long run create a natural harmony of interests. People will not have to be enforced to agree or harmonize their interests with other states but rather their needs will drive them to it. The third belief is concern the conflict resolution and respect for the rule of law. This belief similarly succeeds the second one of the democratic institutions. Under liberalism, self determination is never a suitable concept. Where conflicts therefore arise, there should be recognized judicial procedures or any other corresponding procedures that should be followed in resolving the differences. Such procedures could be negotiations or international institutions and area such as European Union, the United Nations or the International Criminal Court. Disputes resolved through these means will not only bring justice to the parties involved but will also be seen to reverence the rule of law (Griffith, 1999). The fourth and the last belief is that, collective security replaces the notion of self-help. When the people have vested interests spanning beyond national boundaries, they will grasp upon themselves that war, insecurity and terrorism will no only make affect that one state where insecurity exists, but also the interests that they hold in that state. They are likely union unity to against such ills. In addition, liberalism is about maintenance morality and decisions from supporting of ethical. States should therefore interfere on issues such as those affect on environment because it does not only affect a single state. There are generally four liberalistic concepts that are used to explain how cooperation in international relations can be achieved with liberalism and to make the world much better. These are the social liberalism, interdependence liberalism, republican liberalism and the institutional liberalism. That can be following the detail in below of this. Sociological liberalism According to this section of liberalism, international relations do not only apply to governments but as well as between private individuals groups and a whole of societies. Sociological liberalism views focusing international relations on the state to state actors like very limiting. in its place, international relation situations can be improved and can be made much more better if non state actors also were included to play a role. In generally of the liberalist, individuals are more peace loving than governments and the more they link up and network with each other beyond the states boundaries better for international relations. When the individual actors link up and cooperate beyond their national boundaries they form up transnational relations. According to Jackson Sorenson (2007), the transnationalism is the immediate outcome achieved when international relations advanced by the states is supplemented by relations among individuals, groups and societies. This relationship is stronger and long-lasting than any other kind of relationship because it has important consequences. This is because, if the states get to disagree, there are too many actors who depend and have helped set up that kind of relationship. This kind of relationship is often compared to the cobweb by illustrate the many non-state actors with all different types of external ties and interest with another. Transnational relations help establish a new form of human society which works beside or even in completion with the states. Non state actors have especially been empowered by technology and can be increased social communication (Sullivan , 2002). Due to pressure from these actors the state has no selection but to conform. A good example here would be the political situations of Kenya and Madagascar in Africa. Upon the disputed Kenyan presidential elections that were followed by ethnic aggression in 2008, it was non state actors that pressurized the contenders try to stop or broker the power sharing deal (Lafargue, 2009). In addition the modern world, as individual firms and businesses investment in other countries, they necessitate cooperation particularly if the investments are of public nature such as roads, communication infrastructures, and other public investments. The individual firms are becoming more important than the state itself due to globalization and innovations technological. Interdependence Liberalism As transnational relations increase, so does the level of interdependence to nearly the level of dependence. This both dependences therefore means that, individuals and the state are affected by what happens in other countries. Such as issues of war, terrorism, the pollution of the environment and some even economic policies will affect more than one country or neighbor countries (Daddow, 2009). In a good example here it is the political instability in Somalia and the current global financial crisis. The instability in Somalia has seen an increased security pressure of terrorist and terrorist groups which take advantage of the situation to advance their ills. In addition, there have been increased piracy in the chasm and the east African coast have seen many ships sailing the route be hijacked only to be released after payment for ransoms. The lack a purposeful of government has therefore degenerated from being a Somali problem to a world problem. Many of the ships being hijacked are not even headed to Somalia. For example in other in global crisis, it started in the United States. It has since affected all economies and although people at varying degrees. Such issues show how the level of interdependence has grown. Another philosophical issue there concerns the environment. Green house gases emission in China or the United States do not only affect climate or lead to global warming in the two countries only, but also in whole of the world. Even though some countries such as in Africa may have a little contribution on this, they may on the contrary be the main victims of climate change through hunger, poverty and malnutrition. Resolving such that issues need to requires the cooperation by both state and non state actors in all countries. Republican liberalism Republican liberalism examines liberal democracies as the most important of peaceful type of political system. Since there are only two types of democracies in the world, democratic and non democratic, three types of relationships in international relations are possible. These are: between a democratic and another democratic state between non-democratic and another non ­-democratic state, and between a democratic and another non-democratic state. The best form of international relationship happens to be one between two democracies. This is because more often than not domestic politics will determine the shape and nature of international relationship that state engages in democratic nations are founded on the principles of a domestic culture that promotes peaceful disagreement resolution, general moral values and commonly beneficial ties of economic cooperation and freedom making them difficult to engage in war with each other. Democratic relationship therefore fosters a form of dem ocratic peace because democracies are managed by citizens who are not at any one time shore up the idea of attractive in a war between two democracies. Republican liberalists single out war as the most serious evil in international relations (Steans, 2009). If a country is governed through democratic values, then it will be able to extend in the same when dealing with other nations. Democratic countries are also possible to agree on such issues as environment, world trade and other international issues. A liberal world is more than any other theory promotes respect for democracy in institutions and that promises the most peaceful international relations. Institutional Liberalism Liberalists strongly support for the establishment of international institutions because they make collaboration easier and likely (Weber, 2004). An example includes the European Union which although founded on simple values has highly developed to become a monetary union using the same currency amid member states (Kelstrup, 2000). Other institutions such ASEAN have been in the front line to simplify the six party talks to end the present stand off between the United States and the Republic of North Korea nuclear disarmament efforts. Institutions help encourage international cooperation and reduce the lack of trust and fear. This is facilitated by suitable and clear information about each other behavior and expectations. Liberalism helps to solve the most modern day issues in the international system. Liberalism, war, peace and security Wars were destroying effects to the nation, its people and the international community. Since the World War I and war II, it has been within the interest of nations to practice a world that is free from war peaceful and secure. The liberal consideration advocates that all states work together or at least reaches to a consensus to these fundamental issues (Barkawi Laffey, 2001). By advocating that states move towards establishing democratic values in their governance, democratic peace is achievable. Moreover, institutionalization, existence of economic ties and freedom between states helps decrease chances of war by promoting conversation, engagement and peaceful conflict resolution (Koldziej, 2005). Liberalism and the environment The effects of environmental pollution know on boundaries. Such as the issues a droughts, global warming, increasing of sea level as well as the hurricanes are very costly effects brought by environmental degradation. Liberalists there believe that, it is the moral duty of states to cooperate and stop or mitigate these damaging effects. There are two basic principles of liberalism that requires us to protect and guard the environment. These are the right to have each individual basic needs met and the fact of sensible pluralism. Under the first principle, the environment does not only help in providing our basic needs but also verify us of survival. Liberalism is concerned about the current and the future generation ability to meet the basic requirements and therefore calls for promise to environmental sustainability (Dobson Saiz, 2006) On the other hand, no rational individual will resist that survival depends on the physical environment and that it is good. In addition, no rationa l individual would argument the costly effects of years of environment ignore being experienced in the world today. It is therefore within the liberalist reasonable pluralism that calls for a shared responsibility and action towards environmental protection. Liberalism and international trade Liberalism advocates for the establishment of international institution and a move towards free trade. It calls for the abolishment of limitations and barriers to world trade. Protectionism, inequitable of trade and economic practices are critical issues at the heart of international relations. This is more with respect to the foreign relations between two world economic powers China and the United States. Through calling on increased combination, free trade, and peaceful conflict resolution, liberalism can help resolve most contradictory issues in international relations in the world today. Market liberalism offers the promise of a free, wealthy and pluralistic society for all people (Boaz, 2008). Liberalism and welfare Major issues of welfare comprise of health, hunger, poverty and human rights. Liberalism advocates that the state respects individual liberty. Democratic peace cannot be achieved if these welfare issues are not addressed. Moreover, no single state works in isolation due to the complex interdependence between nations. Liberal democracies consequently should intervene and cooperate in welfare issues (Sutch, 2001). Conclusion In conclusion, liberalism as theory guiding international relations is best placed to handle most modern issues affecting a states relationship with the international community. As have been already outlined, liberalism is the best placed theory in international relations that promises a secure and peaceful world, sustainable environment, trade without restrictions and other barriers, and respects human rights. For it however to work smoothly and yield better results, all countries must accept and be ready to adopt it. This is as evidenced by the fact that best relations and democratic peace only thrives between two democracies. So long as there continues to be non-democratic countries, applicability of liberalism faces many challenges especially with the consequences of globalization. There therefore might be need to alter some principles of liberalism in order to accommodate and guide relations with non-democracies.

Christian Beliefs about their Responsibility to the Poor :: essays research papers

There are many reasons that Christians believe that they have a responsibility for the poor. One of these is the teaching and guidance of the Bible. A good Christian should follow the teachings of the Bible and listen to the guidance it offers. The word of the Evangelists and the other books that make it up should have great authority as they reveal the teachings of God through his prophets and his Son. If we are to be Christians then we should follow the way of Jesus. ?Christian? literally means ?Belonging to Christ?. There are many Gospel teaching on how Christians should help alleviate poverty, both locally and on a wider scale. One of the most important of these is the Commandment ?Love thy neighbour as thyself?. Jesus himself stated that it was the most important. ?Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it. Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets."(Matthew 22:37-40). This is important as it emphasises the stance that Christians should have towards their fellow men, one of complete untainted love. If this commandment were to be kept then there would be no need for the rest as in keeping it you would not murder, nor steal or covet your neighbour?s wife. Jesus set an excellent example in both his actions and his words. The parables he used to relate some very important messages about the nature of god. A good example of this is the Parable of the lost sheep. ?See that you do not look down on one of these little ones. For I tell you that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father in heaven. What do you think? If a man owns a hundred sheep, and one of them wanders away, will he not leave the ninety-nine on the hills and go to look for the one that wandered off?? This implies that Jesus is never willing to give up on anyone who might be saved from hell. No-one is any greater than another in his eyes. As we are all part of God?s creation we are all one family in God. If we ignore the suffering of our Brothers and Sisters then we ignore God.

Comparing the Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Essay -- compari

Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete      Ã‚   "Why is Villette so disagreeable? Because the writer's mind contains nothing but hunger, rebellion and rage." Matthew Arnold, 1853.    Matthew Arnold was certainly forthcoming about the defects of both Charlotte Bronte's   mind and of her novel. Indeed he was not alone in his reaction to her; Anne   Mozley in The Christian Remembrancer ;in April 1853 wrote in reaction to   Bronte's other great work of "rebellion", Jane Eyre, that she had to make   "a protest against the outrages on decorum, the moral perversity, the   toleration, nay, indifference to vice which deform her picture of a   desolate woman" (my italics). Mozley even went far enough to label Jane Eyre a "dangerous book", a sentiment which Arnold's comments show that he shared.   Yes both Villette and Jane Eyre are pervaded by "hunger, rebellion   and rage" but it is this very factor which allows Bronte's protagonists to   explore their own identities in, crucially, their own terms.    That both Jane Eyre and Villette are first person narratives is highly   important. Unlike Catherine Earnshaw, Maggie Tulliver and Isabel Archer, Lucy   Snowe and Jane Eyre are able to define their own stories, and subsequently, to   define themselves. As Tony Tanner stated, Jane's "narrative act is not so much   one of retrieval as of establishing and maintaining her identity" and this can   easily be extended to Lucy. Indeed in Villette the importance of language   to proclaim identity, and therefore power, is demonstrated by Lucy's inability   to speak French when she arrives in Villette " I could say nothing whatever". Of course the role of teaching Lucy to speak French falls to M. Paul  Ã‚   demonstrating the masc... ...ion and rage.    BBIBLIOGRAPHY The Bronte's: The Critical Heritage, ed. Miriam Allott (1974).    "Person, Narrative and Identity in Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre", Tony Tanner   in Teaching the Text ed. S Kappeler.    "Jane Eyre's Interior Design", Karen Chase in Jane Eyre (New Casebook), ed.   Heather Glenn.    "Introduction" to Villette (Penguin,1979), Tony Tanner.    "The Buried Life of Lucy Snowe" and "A Dialogue of Self and Soul: Plain Jane's Progress" in The Mad Woman in the Attic, Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar (2000).    "Charlotte Bronte as a 'Freak Genius'", David Cecil in Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyreand Villette (A Casebook Series) ed. Miriam Allot.    "Three Women's Texts and a Critique of Imperialism", Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in The Feminist Reader ed. Catherine Belsey and Jane Moore (1997).

Philosophical Anthropology Essays -- Philosophy Essays

Philosophical Anthropology ABSTRACT: Philosophers cannot avoid addressing the question of whether philosophical anthropology (that is, specifically philosophical inquiry about human nature and human phenomenon) is possible. Any answer must be articulated in the context of the nature and function of philosophy. In other words, philosophical anthropology must be defined as an account of the nature of the subject of philosophical thinking. I argue that if philosophical thinkers admit that they are beings in nature, culture, and history, then the possibility of a uniquely philosophical theory of human nature and human phenomenon should be discarded. Rather, philosophy's catalytic and integrative role in human cognition should be stressed. Anthropological interests on the part of philosophers can be explained on different levels. Since thinking in general is reflective, philosophical thinkers must naturally be interested in understanding the nature of humans, which they themselves are, including the nature of their own thinking. But non-philosophical theorists can also be reflective enough to seek an understanding of human nature and the nature of their characteristic thinking. On a deeper level, with their realization that cognitive functions including philosophical thinking are characteristically human, philosophers may come to reflect upon how such functions are conditioned by human conditions. But such conditions can be addressed by empirical sciences as well, sometimes with greater methodological care or seriousness than can be found among some philosophers, as in cognitive psychology or cultural anthropology. If, in the course of the development of philosophy as a discipline, human experience becomes the primary thematic ... ...y is partly explainable by different influences from outside philosophy. The juxtaposition and comparison of, for instance, the views of Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Marx and Nietzsche on human nature should make us despair of finding a philosophical essence of anthropological views. The distinct contribution that philosophy as a discipline can make to the understanding of humans is not so much special content or even a method as its ethos of valuing critical thinking and integration of human knowledge. Philosophical anthropology, as a special area of a unique discipline, should be held suspect. There only is a dimension to each inquiry where many, if not all, of the questions philosophers raise are significant. The mission of philosophy is to make all human inquiries, including the anthropological, maximally reflective in the given cultural situation.

Payne vs Cave Essay

The defendant had made the highest bid in an auction. The defendant had withdrawn his offer before the auctioneer had knocked his hammer. The plaintiff’s counsel opened the case with as: the goods were put up in one lot at an auction. There were several bidders of which the defendant was the last bidder. The defendant had bid 401. The auctioneer had dwelt on the bidding. As the auctioneer dwelt the defendant said, â€Å"Why do you dwell? You will get no more. The defendant said he was informed the worm weighed at least 1300 cwt and was worth more than 401. The defendant asked him if he could warrant it to weigh so much, and receiving a answer in the negative he then declared that he would not take it, and refused to pay for it. It was re-sold on the subsequent day’s sale for 301 to the defendant. Against which the action was brought for the difference. ISSUES OF THE CASE The issues in the case PAYNE against CAVE Saturday, May 2nd, 1789 are: 1.The highest bidder (the defendant) withdrew his offer before the hammer was knocked. The hammer is put down to assure that the bidder’s bid is accepted and there are no more bids to come in. The time given between the bid being made and  the hammer knocked is for other bidder’s to bid higher or the highest bidder to withdraw his offer. When a bidder bids an amount he is giving an offer and the offer is accepted when the auctioneer knocks his hammer. An offer can be withdrawn before it has been accepted. 2.Walton set aside the nonsuit, on the ground that the bidder was bound by the conditions of the sale to abide by his bidding, and could not retract. The defendant when he started bidding he is to abide by the rules of the auction that is that the highest bidder will be the buyer of the property. He withdrew his bid because of a negative reply from the auctioneer. But he should have paid the amount he had bid. PRINCIPLES OF THE CASE An auction is a public sale of property where willing buyers bid prices at which they are ready to buy the property. The basic rule of an auction is the highest bidder is the buyer. A contract of sale is formed in an auction by means of competitive bids, submitted and confirmed according to the pre-established terms and conditions that govern the auction sale. The act that presides over auction sales is â€Å"Sale of Goods Act 1979† section 57 where it says: Auction Sales 1.Where goods are put up for sale by auction in lots, each lot is prima facie deemed to be the subject of a separate contract of sale. 2.A sale by auction is complete when the auctioneer announces its completion by the fall of the hammer, or in other customary manner; and until the announcement is made any bidder may retract his bid. 3.A sale by auction may be notified to be subject to a reserve or upset price, and a right to bid may also be reserved expressly by or on behalf of the seller. 4.Where a sale by auction is not notified to be subject to a right to bid by or on behalf of the seller, it is not lawful for the seller to bid himself or to employ any person to bid at the sale, or for the auctioneer knowingly to take any bid from the seller or any such person. 5.A sale contravening subsection (4) above may be treated as fraudulent by the buyer. 6.Where, in respect of a sale by auction, a right to bid is expressly reserved (but not otherwise) the seller or any one person on his behalf may bid at the auction. As we can see the law states according to the second point the auctioneer confirms the sale with the knocking of the hammer or else the bidder has the right to withdraw the bid. This law was setup in 1979 in reference to the case stated above. HELD The court thought the nonsuit very proper. The auctioneer is the agent of the vendor, and the assent of both parties is necessary to make the contract binding; that is signified on the part of the seller by knocking down the hammer, which was not done here till the defendant had retracted. Every bidding is nothing more than an offer on one side, which is not binding on either side till it, is assented to. But according to what is now contended for, one party would be bound by the offer, and the other not, which can never be allowed. Rule refused. COMMENTS The decision given in the case â€Å"PAYNE against CAVE. Saturday, May 2nd, 1789† is according to us a correct decision. The decision that an offer was made but the acceptance was not shown is an accurate decision. The defendant had the right to retract his offer if he is not willing to buy at that price. ISLAMIC PRESPECTIVE If we look at the case form an Islamic perspective we can look at the case from different views. The case can be seen from: 1.The perspective of the plaintiff. When an offer is made by the defendant, he should not retract the offer. As he knows that the bidding means he willing to buy at that price he should keep his word and pay the price he bid for. In Islam a person should not say anything which he will not be able to keep his word against. Whatever man says he should do so. 2.The perspective of the defendant. The defendant should have the right to withdraw his bid is he is not happy with the price he bid or the environment. He withdrew is bid not because he could not pay the amount he withdrew his bid because of the negative answer from the auctioneer. He did not like the way the auctioneer had replied as we can imply from the case. The decision given by the court is right if we look at it from an Islamic perspective. The defendant has every right to withdraw the bid if he if it not accepted. If a person offers something and the other does not accept it, till the acceptance the offer can be withdrawn.

Holy Spirit and Servant Evangelism Essay

In thinking of what I substantiate learned by this course, I am forced to admit I take away invariably known the importance of be an active witness. I was non increase in church and developed suspense in divinity through my juvenile years. When I was saved, I was radically saved. The victor became real to me and I told every adept I k hot what the master key had d unmatchable for me. So excited was I more than or less my newfound redemption and credence in God, I believe that I may hold back turned pip some of my friends. unrivaled friend in p prowessicular was under much(prenominal) reliance that his internal struggle was very unmingled outwardly on his face, and yet he would non take the final pervert of depart from possibly because I had been in any case excited and frightened him off.Early Experiences now I prevail certainly not lost my enjoyment, but I piss learned a few things on how to be patient and wait on the prodding of the master key ins tead of always jumping into a situation with religious doctrine guns blazing. Of course there is no joy interchangeable the joy of leading someone to the Lord. The oldest and probably unmatchable of the around elicit encounters I dupe had with someone was a 67 year old human beings who had a reputation of drinking likewise much. He had visited our church on author and one Monday night, a deacon from our church and I went to this mans digest and visited with him. We talked about the weather and other profitless things. When I mat the time was right, I asked him how he felt when he came to church. He admitted he felt that populate st bed at him and made him very uncomfortable.I felt in my spirit that it was nothing much than conviction he very felt. I asked him if he were to die tonight, would he go to heaven? He answered, No. I asked if I could sh ar fair(a) a few verses with him and he concord. I employ the Share messiah without Fear method. I energize used thi s method galore(postnominal) times because I believe in the power of the Holy Spirit apply the actual Word of God hire out loud. We went through the verses. He concur he was a sinner, he agreed he carryed a Saviour, and he said he was ready to turn out Him into his life. He prayed a heart-felt requester and sas welld up born-again at 67 years old. non all my experiences are only positive, that. The land-class time I try to share the good news of salvation in Jesus with one of my enveloping(prenominal) friends, he laughed at me, told me I was crazy, and that it wouldnt last. Initially it hurt, but I recalled the rule withstand from Acts 541 which regularizes, And they departed from the forepart of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer pathos for his name. I left my friend with much(prenominal) an overwhelming feeling of joy that I was counted worthy to suffer a half-size shame for His name.Challenging My Thinking ostensibly I am not a str anger to witnessing but I was blind-sided by one aspect of the evangelism class retainer Evangelism. I suck up always been one to go out and go through the scriptures with someone. Al virtually a street-witnessing eccentric person of frontal evangelism. As I began to read and weigh about servant evangelism, I became convicted about the lack of it in my life. I idler see where servant evangelism certainly has its nates in a believers life. Servant evangelism is built upon venerate for swain man and there is no great calling on a believer than to pick out peck, saved and lost. When asked in Matthew 2237-39 what the greatest commandment is, the Lord Jesus responded, gm shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy psyche.This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. engaging others is the very next commandment by and by loving God. Servant evangelism is Gods love in action. This is exactly why the word charity is used in many places in the King pack Bible. Charity is not merely love, but rather love in action, which is the real meaning poop what God means for us to show up to others. It is the incarnational lifestyle that I am works toward integrating more into my life on a daily basis. As utter by Dr. bicycler and Dr. Earley in their book Evangelism Is How to Share Jesus with Passion and Confidence, the nub of this lifestyle is wrapping our faith in the flesh of daily living Specifically, it is truly living out our faith in every situation.. (p 214)A Deeper DesireSince stock this class, personal evangelism and certainly servant evangelism has taken on a whole new meaning in my life. I postulate a renewed impulse to be a witness for the Lord and I have been praying toward that goal. In those prayers I have expire aware of my need for a measure of Gods apprehension and an awareness of what people are verbalise to me and how th ey are proverb it, so that I may know what to say to those I encounter. I lack to truly surrender to the Holy Spirit Who, I believe, will give me the necessary wisdom regarding what I need to say, how to say it, and when I need it if I will trust in Him. As far as being aware of what people are truism and how they are saying it, this depends largely on my willingness to pick up.Dr. Wheeler spoke in one of his videos about earreach in todays world and how rare it really is. In our fast-paced ordering today, being distracted, distant, and impersonal is almost the norm. Therefore, having the ability to pass some precious time with a person and really listen to them is a valuable witnessing tool.(p 229). If the Lord Jesus is our eventual(prenominal) example, we must take into account His listening readinesss. The story of the woman at the considerably is a perfect example. The reason the Lord connected with this woman is not because He talked to her, but because He listened t o her. If I sine qua non to reach that goal of being a more effective servant gospeler and witness, then I realize that to listen like Jesus, is a must-have skill.(p 229)Learning to heedI have always hear that a good listener is born, not made. I believe this statement is in error. If a person has a desire to learn to listen, particularly out of their love for God and a love for His people, the skill of listening can be acquired. First, one must understand the various take aims of listening. These levels are from worst to best, as followsIgnoringUnfortunately, this seems to be the most common level in our society today. We live in a world of almost constant distraction. Cell phones, internet, television, MP3 players, and more are vying for our attention. Because of this, it is very easy to become unaware of the needs of people, even those now around us. It is a lie from the reach that tells us we are too quick to get involved or that we have too many of our own problems too wo rry about someone elses. stake hearingAgain, with all the distractions listed above, many people try to multi-task, texting, typing, or reading, and thereby center the importance and uniqueness of another person to just another distraction.Selective ListeningThis type of listening goes hand-in-hand with pretend listening. This type hears only what really interests the hearer, while dispensing the rest. One must remember what is not historic to one may be vitally important to the other.Attentive ListeningThis level of listening involves complete attention, involving both shopping mall contact and body language with a singular focus on the speaker. objective evangelism requires this kind of attention.Empathetic ListeningAs one might assume, empathetic involves an empathic attitude in listening to really care about what the speaker is saying and how they feel. This is the highest level of listening and the highest level of link with the speaker. (P 230)Needed ChangesIt goes with out saying that if one is not growing and moving forward, one is moribund or moving backward. I have recognized through this course the need to add some things to my faith. According to 2 Peter 15-8, it is not generous to just be saved and check there, we must add certain qualities like temperance, patience, and charity to our faith, that we may grow spiritually. The extend of this is given in verse 8, For if these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the cognition of our Lord Jesus Christ. It is indeed fecundity in evangelism that has been at the forefront of my mind throughout this class.I have prayed on occasion for the lost when they happen to be on my mind. A change I realize I must mix into my regular prayer life is to have a list of lost people I know from my sphere of capture that I may pray for daily. Not only for the lost, but for myself and how I antenna them also, praying for things like the wisdom of God I mentioned before. I also realize I need to pray for Gods compassion for the lost that I may pray for them and approach them with a genuine heart and not just as a Gospel soul-winning project. I want to have a better agreement of the needs people have in their lives and how they feel.I have learned that most men feel trapped in the rat race, they are under challenged in todays society or have lost touch with their masculinity.(p217-218 art of evan) Women have completely different feelings such as the need to be cherished and for companionship, they need emotional hold and support from their parents. (p219 art of personal evan) I have heard many people say that they pray for opportunities to witness. I understand what they are saying and I believe that their police wagon are in the right place, however I look around me and I see the opportunities are everywhere. I just need love and boldness to share. In my quest to incorporate daily prayer for the lost into my life, I found a p rayer outline by Doctors Wheeler and Earley to be very helpful in giving direction.