Reflective Essay on Students with Disabilities

In a presentation about parents and families of students with disabilities, the Riley family came up and dual-lane their experiences about living with Catherine, a woman who has Down syndrome. The three presenters who divided up were Molly, Nola, and Catherine. Molly, who is Catherines older sister, talked about what it was like growing up together with Catherine and how it abnormal her life. Nola, Catherines mother, told what it was like bringing and raising a child with Down syndrome in this world. Catherine also shared a bit about her life and how she has been productive despite having a disability.Molly and Catherine are sisters who spent their childhood growing up together. With Molly being only sixteen months older than Catherine, they were very close. They even shared a room together for eighteen years of their life. Molly always made sure that her and Catherine had the typical sister affinity growing up. They did everything together and had the like friends. Catherine wa s expected to fit in with everyone, and non be given excuses. Molly was always a competitive sister which had Catherine constantly working to get an edge.This relationship between Molly and Catherine non only strengthened the bond, but also assistanted the family. With Molly helping Catherine achieve a normal life, this helped Nola out as a mother. Nola a mother of three children, who worked as a teacher for thirty-five years, always had her hands full. She was never too shy to ask bulk for help, with ascertain to Catherine, that provided help, guidance, and support. With physical therapy Catherine was able to learn the things that her sister Molly and brother John were able to do. Besides that, Nola s embolden that the three kids lived a normal life and totally grew up just fine.Nola learned and taught her family to be patient, help each other, to take pleasure in their 3 accomplishments, to encourage each other, to wear fun, and to truly be a family. Being a teacher gave No la an advantage as she always fought for anything that would benefit Catherine in her education. Nola had Catherine put into speech therapy which made a gr flow discrimination in Catherines life, as she can now speak clearly with little difficulty. Everything Nola did for Catherine was to benefit her in anyway and help keep her run foring as normal of a life as possible.Catherine went above and beyond that as she has excelled in many aspects of her life. Catherine has spent her whole life with Down syndrome yet did not let it slow her down and affect how she lived her life. Her family never held her back or kept her from doing the things she wanted to do. Her sister always had that tough love for Catherine which always hale Catherine to do better and word just like any normal sibling would. She always had the support of her family while still being independent, which allowed her to grow and develop into who she is today.Catherine has been leading a successful life, doing many th ings even the average woman her age would not be doing. She is employed as an elementary inclusion aid in the Hazelton Area School District where she has worked since graduating there in 1995. Catherine has belonged to a gym for fifteen years where she does things like cardio, kickboxing, and circuit training exercises. She always strives to eat healthy and maintain a good diet. Her hobbies include poetry, journaling, aerobics, computer, travel, reading, and dancing. Catherine belongs to a local church where she helps out at church functions and serves on the parish.All of these activities and things Catherine does in her life help her not only achieve normalcy 4 in life but success. Her life is probably more than active and outgoing than most people her age which makes it even more of an accomplishment for Catherine. I personally was inspired by this presentation and thought it was a real eye opener. I need gone through life thinking people with Down syndrome can not achieve the same things that people without a disability can and thats just not true. Catherine has proved that she can do anything she wants and can lead a normal life just like anyone else.In fact she probably is more active and outgoing than most women her age are. Also I thought that the presentation really showed that people with disabilities need to be given every opportunity, if not more, to help them succeed in life. Society should not hold them back or limit them just because they have a disability. People with disabilities can lead a normal and great life just like everyone else. This is proved by Catherine, who has developed into the woman she is today, a successful, loving, and friendly woman who just happens to have a disability.

How The Internet Destroys Your Brain? Essay

primal Idea Three ways how the meshing destroying our mind are the profits whitethorn hark back you an addicts mental capacity, your school principal get tired because of lack of sleep and the internet may makes you more lonely and jealous.Main points I. The internet may give you addicts brain. II. Your brain get tired because of lack of sleep. III. The internet may makes you more jealous and lonely Introduction I. Imagine you live in a world without internet. Would you die hard in it?II. I encountered this topic as I was surfing the internet a few weeks ago and I felt responsible to share it to you as most of us use internet in our life for doing assignments, socializing and other sorts of things. III. The internet become a big influence in our periodical life. It is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media and sure enough the medium of the future. But, if you spends too much time surfing the inte rnet, it may cause a serious cost to the brain.(Transition) Let me begin with my first main point which is how the internetdestroys your brain.Body I. The internet may give you an addicts brain.The majority of people we see with serious internet addiction are gamers. These physique of people tends to become lazy and because of that their brain assnot function well. People who spends a long hours in roles in various games that cause them to disregard their obligations, Dr. Henrietta Bowden Janes, an Imperial College, London psychiatrist who runs a clinic for internet addicts and problem gamblers, told the Independent.II. Your brain get tired because lack of sleep.We technophiles are accustomed to falling asleep while surfing the internet with laptop glows softly by our beds. Susan Greenfield, a British Neuroscientist said that during her research she suspected the glowing lights emitted by laptop screens ordain disturb the brains sleep mode and mess with your bodys sleep inducing hormones. Exposure to bright lights will probably cause lasting effects as it making people harder to fall asleep, especially for those who struggle with insomnia.III. You may feel more lonely and jealous. kind media makes it easy to connect with othersRecent research by German scientists suggests that constantly viewing images of others vacation photos, personal achievement, etc, can trigger strong feelings of envy. Researchers have been described the phenomenon as Facebook Depression.decisiveness in conclusion we have seen that the internet can do harm especially to our brain that can cause a lot a personal problems to the society.An entire creative and traditional way generations will be slowly wiped out and a non-creative and technology depending generation will be born. Before its too late, a lot of efforts are needed in order to prevent future problems give birth ourselves chance to disconnect from the internet and go outside and meet friends and families to have fun. The best connection is remain connected to our family.

Education policy Essay

Security, feeling information, access to healthc be, prospects of a reasonable job on moral excellence and sound economy ar the ingredients to be extendd by the earth to its citizens to run the state and the connection smoothly. suppuration of successful nations is de n adeptd equatingticularly to the article of faith method. There was a time when multitude believed that uplifted ge atomic number 18r raising should be on go on(predicate) to spate of all favorable classes and, obviously, it was freely available to all who needed it. The fact that it is not, that commonplace bringing up was once available and flat it is precise hard to access is indicative of deep problems in Pakistan.supporting colleges and universities to raise their sustain resources by charging higher fees has clearly excluded a signifi sewert section of bookmans belonging to vile sections of the connection. pedagogy in Pakistan is now so expensive that unfortunate peckt even regard of their children becoming doctors and engineers. Our bringing up body is passing through a very bad phase now and it is regarded as perhaps amongst the poorest in the world. Cream of the Pakistani brain is either becoming idle ascribable to non-availability of ever rising terms of bringing up or going to other countries.UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS bind 1 provides every child has the right to suck equal access to an schooling, irrespective of their color, creed, nationality, ethnicity, or social and financial status, so they may obtain gainful employment and contri pacifye to the ripening of their society, being innate(p) free and equal in dignity and rights. Life for a roughhewn man in Pakistan in this so called elected regime has already become difficult owing to the all-round price rise across the kingdom. Inflation, combined with policies of privatization, has typefaced a complete deterioration in living timeworns of the people.Frankly speaking, there is no such (prenominal) thing as body politic in Pakistan. This type of democracy has often left the common man in constant struggle for survival. Majority of Pakistanis are living in poverty and unsustainable frugal conditions when they are struggling for their livelihood education loses its utility in their eyes and it becomes far from their desire. But for the wealth and powerful corrupt politicians, things are very rosy. Pakistan is suffering terribly for that, with socio-political and economic crises strewn all over the society like a straw hut in a typhoon.Lack of good education and unemployment in Pakistan would contri onlye many social ills, including crime, prostitution, and the break mountain in law and order. In Pakistan, providing education to the wiped out(p)er classes had always been state responsibility. Now there has been a study push for the insular provision of educational services. Moreover, corrupt politicians, feudalism, in honorableice are such problems which defe cate further pressed the most pressed people of the expanse. Education is a tremendous tool for social change as advantageously as an prospect pop of poverty traps.People trapped in the lower classes have trouble climbing out of it because they manageing the tools to do so, because they live in a feudal society that actively works to nurse them there, and education can be a form of escape hatch. But Education dust in Pakistan In Human development Report Pakistan is placed at 136th position for having just 49. 9% enlightened population. In addition to that, Pakistan is ranked at 113th out of 120 registered UN members according to the research conducted by UNESCO et. all. or so of the very staple flaws of the education system in Pakistan contribute to the economic, ethnic and sociopolitical crisis inside the country. Flaws of Education dodge in Pakistan Firstly, the education system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different in some(prenominal), public and individual(a) sector. This create a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. Such a agitated base of operations is a basic cause of high illiteracy browse in Pakistan and high fail out lay outs in rural areas and public civilise.Secondly, regional disparity is similarly a major(ip)(ip) cause. The schools in Balochistan (the largest province of Pakistan by Area) are not that very much groomed as that of Punjab (the largest province Of Pakistan by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29. 5% in males and 3% in females. The third major cause of flawed education system in Pakistan is gender discrimination. The current primary school ratio of boys and girls is 104, which is a cause of huge concern. For the last a couple of(prenominal) eld there has been an increase in the growth of cliquish schools.It is believed that Pakistan is among the most prominent states affected by gender discrimination. That not only ha rms the look of education in Pakistan but create a gap among haves and have nots. Fourthly, the lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the education policy that has never been focused before. Therefore, less technical people meat low standard of education. Fifthly, the allocation of funds for education are very low. It is only 1. 5 to 2. 0 share of the total GDP. It should be around 7% of the total GDP.At that budget allocation, the illiteracy rate in Pakistan would not decrease but earlier increase. The federal official and idyl organisations need to cut down their expenditures in other areas and spend a bigger proportion of income on education. Moreover, the quality of education in most of the public schools and colleges is rise up below par the give instructioners in organisation schools are not well manoeuvreed. People who do not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are not professionally trained teachers so they are u nable to train a nation.Quality of teaching ask special attention in rural areas where the teachers lack in all departments. In America, Europe and most of the developed countries, the emphasis of the states is on maturation virtual education systems i. e. provision of education through online networks. The idea of online education is gathering momentum and many online institutions have been restrict up which offer online courses and online degrees. The Higher Education Commission and Education ministry need to focus on developing a strong online education network so that students through out the country can benefit.Universities such as Harvard, Berkley and MIT are offering online courses and degrees. It reflects the importance of online education in todays new-fangled high tech world. Finally, Poverty is also another factor that restrict the parents to send their children to public or common soldier schools. So, they prefer to send their children to Madrassas where education i s totally free. The government has to make changes to financial infrastructure to improve the situation. edge loans for education purposes should not be interest based as it discourages the people of Pakistan to acquire loans.Education loans are offered at low rates through out the world and it enable people to acquire quality education. Social awareness regarding all these issues need to be spread and we, the people of Pakistan have to work hand in hand with the government authorities to improve the current system. Our children should not be deprived of their basic right to acquire knowledge. All these issues contribute to high illiteracy rate, which in turn result in economic crisis in shape of high unemployment rate and below-par quality of labor.Moreover, the country suffers on social, political and proficient front There are hundred other problems which need attention but the core-issues need to be addressed as soon as possible. You can read my article Pakistans Educational S ystem which is an overview of the education infra-structure within the country. In todays world, the benchmark for excellence is education. Moreover, if a country has a distraught academic infrastructure, the chances to survive in current competitive world are petite. The illiteracy rate in Pakistan is alarmingly high which calls for exact attention.The federal and tike governments need to work together towards emptying of flaws of education system in Pakistan. The first time I thought about education and its importee to this society was when I went on a field trip to a school garb up by an NGO in the late 1990s. It is now a rightly famous NGO but back then during my sixth grade field trip it just seemed like a final cause of a group of cranky Karachi businessmen who had decided to spit against the wind of the governments non-interest in providing education to its people.These rich grouches hadgotten together in the chaos of 1995 Karachi and seeing the government more interest ed in massacring hard-boiled militants than provide social services, they decided to simply pool their own m unitaryy and build their own schools. How benevolent of them. I would love to see these rich mens tax receipts. The citizens of a country shouldnt be dependent on the benevolent charity of rich men. Through their own democratic political process, citizens must enforce upon their richest members the income taxes necessary to fund an education system that reaches every child in the state.The fact that Pakistanis have not done so points towards the weakness of their political system in dealing with its populations educational needs. There is no real shortcut from the state actually enforcing a tax system that extracts the adequate revenue needed to fund the creation of a school tightly fitting every human settlement in Pakistan. The goal I have described of having a school near every human settlement in Pakistan, is what Pakistan is obligated to do under its current supranati onal treaties and the simplest and most straightforward way it can be done. It is certainly not impossible.Pakistan has managed to make sure that no human settlement lacks a mosque. The same needs to be done for schools. Where we went wrong disciplineisation of schools, as was done by the Z. A. Bhutto administration, was a shortcut that cannot be used, and was actually instrumental in ruining government schools. The provincial governments that ran education departments became overstr etc.ed then to the point of breaking. The schools that were nationalised saw the prospect of future capital and human investing in them pointless, as the former owners were now dispossessed of their old stake in the schools.Good teachers left, rather than become government employees to be posted in far flung places, and the lack of good teacher cultivation colleges, a necessity unacknowledged up until recently, saw little competent replacement. By nationalising the missionary (Christian), faith-based (Muslim) and private schools, an unwieldy, unplanned expansion of Pakistans school system reduced the status of government school teachers to the corrupted, incompetent, inefficient place it finds itself in today. Teachers do not come to classes, and if they do, they are ill-prepared to teach.It becomes difficult to weed out and penalise underperforming teachers because their status as government employees prevents them from being penalised as they would be in the private sector. As much as this rhetoric may sound kindred to the United States, Pakistans teachers unions continue to shelter wildly incompetent teachers, who beyond being simply bad at teaching, many times do not even show up. Anti-participatory environment We are not suspensored either by large class sizes, low teacher to student ratios, non-production of teachers in a sufficient quantity and quality by the low hail of Pakistani teacher-training colleges.Central to this remains the criminally low expenditure on ed ucation by Pakistan, and the harm to collect or divert enough revenue to the education sector. Taking the education emergency of Pakistan badly would mean finding means to increase the amounts spent on education in Pakistan, on a war footing. Students cannot themselves push for an effective learning environment. Despite the fact that some students actually do want to learn, the environment that exists in classrooms, does not brook dissent. This discourages students from bringing up flaws in their educational setting.This anti-participatory environment in classrooms is facilitated by excessively large class sizes, which discourages teachers from having more individualised interactions with students. This anti-participatory make out in classrooms is complemented by an anti-democratic trend in schools, where no voting is done to elect new prefects or monitors, rather the relevant students are appointed by the school administration. Giving students an opportunity to actually vote for their school leaders ability inculcate democratic and participatory values in them at an earlier age, and teach them the responsibility of do their own decisions.If and when these students reach Pakistani universities, they can adequately recognise the entrenched authoritarianism accumulated in many of Pakistans universities over the last three decades. Student politics This persistent anti-democratic trend within Pakistans educational establishments has reinforced the low academic quality of these institutions. There is little legitimate expose from the student bodies on how their education is conducted. Since the 1980s student union elections have been either banned or delayed, witnessing unrest in a violent country like Pakistan ripple into campuses as vehemence, as debate to measureddebate.The situation turned chaotic in the 1990s when the general mayhem of the city of Karachi coincided with violence on the Karachi University campus. The presence of such violence made the students of that decade disinterested in participatory politics. This meet the authoritarian and bureaucratic administrations of varsities, as well as the sclerotic, unelected leadership of Pakistans political parties. They did not sagacity that the students of Pakistan slid into political apathy.However, the importance of student politics was re-kindled in the 2007 lawyer-led movement against the dictatorship of General Musharraf. The importance of student politics was even acknowledged by the government that won against Musharraf in 2008, when it lifted the ban on student and trade union elections. However, the twist in the tale has been the glaring domestic democratic shortfall of this government. The anti-participatory atmosphere on campuses has not lifted as no memorable student elections have been held. neither have any well-publicised trade union elections been held.And most significantly, no internal party elections have been held in any party that maintains a decisive nu mber of seats in parliament. What the lack of student democracy has to do with Pakistans state of education is that there is no feedback from students, who are the objects of education. There is no diminishment in the cruel authoritarian atmosphere of Pakistani government classrooms, where teachers, in negligent enough environments can still use sticks to punish students. I never really thought about education in society as a child. That would have been expected of any 11 year old.But when I visited a third grade NGO school classroom in the late 90s and saw another 11 year old struggling with phrases I would read just for fun, it hit me how serious the problem of illiteracy was for Pakistani society. In a misbegotten decade as that one, beyond the Gordian knot we had witnessed of Karachis bloody politics, the reality of childrens mis-education struck me as a crueler fate, a dire issue that had to be resolved immediately. Thats because these ill-educated children would not remain chi ldren much longer. They would soon be badly-educated adults.And if this cruel act of deletion by Pakistani society was not amended quick enough, then one more generation would see their adulthoods wasting away under the 21st century curse of illiteracy. Tax the rich, teach the kids. We have an education emergency on our hands. The Education System of Pakistan is divided into five levels 1. Primary level ( path 1 to 5) 2. Middle level (Class 5 to 8th) 3. Secondary level (S. S. C) 4. Intermediate level (H. S. C) 5. University level (Graduation, Masters and Research) another(prenominal) division of Education System in Pakistan according to the School System 1.1.Public Schools or political sympathies Schools These schools are managed and financed by the government. Unfortunately, the majority of the schools are in poor condition. There is no any deservingness system teachers and other staff are appointed by the ministers on their own wishes. There is no any accountability a large nu mber of GHOST SCHOOLS AND GHOST TEACHERS are listed in the documents. They are receiving funds and pays, but, in reality they did not exists. In Rural areas, the buildings of public schools are mostly held by Waderas and Feudal. They use them as marriage halls, otaks, bethaks etc.Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality. (Henry Fielding) 1. 2. Elite Class Schools (private schools) Due to badly failure of government in providing the Education, the Elite Class Education System in Pakistan got successes very quickly. Today, even poor prefer to send their child in these private schools but because of high fee structure many aspirants are unable to part this Education System. It is generally accepted that, the standard of Elite Class Education System is more reliable and first-rate than Public Schools and Madarsas. There is accountability, hydrofoil and checking system.Generally, the students of private schools are more competent than those of public schools and Mad arsas. The government should take lessons from this Education System. These are ensuant models for the government i. e. CITY SCHOOL, BEACON SCHOOLS, PAK-TURK SCHOOLS etc. 1. 3. Madarsas Madarsas are the largest NGOs of the world. Today in Pakistan about 8000 Madarsas are working. They provide not only Education but also accommodation and food. They provide Islamic as well as worldlyEducation. Mostly, poor parents who are unable to educate their child prefer this Education System.The government should introduce the reforms for the Madarsas and improve their standard. This will be garterful in two ways. Firstly, it will provide free of cost education to poor child. Secondly, it will lessen the burden the government. Before the 18th Amendment, the EducationSystem in Pakistan was the responsibility of federal official Government. The Ministry of Education at Federal level was responsible for formulating Policies, Planning and Promotion of Educational facilities across the country. But , aft(prenominal) the passing of 18th Amendment, the responsibilities of Education System are divided among the Federation and the Provinces.The responsibilities of the Provinces 1. To set the Curriculum 2. To set the Syllabus 3. Standards of Education up to Grade 12 (F. Sc, H. S. C, I. Com, etc). 4. Islamic Education The responsibilities of Federation are pursuance 1. Planning and Policy 2. External Affairs Signing, implementation and monitoring of Bilateral and Multi-lateral Educational Agreements, Pacts, Protocols, MoUs 3. Controlling of Libraries, museums, and similar institutions 4. Federal agencies i. e. FATA 5. Special Studies 6. Inter-provincial matters and co-ordination. 7. Legal, medical and other professions.8. National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of scientific and technological research. 9. National Education Policy and clear cut Domain over the following acts. 1. 1. Centres of integrity motivate 1974 2. Area Study Centres Act 1975 3. Pakistan Study Centres Act 1976 4. National Book Foundation Act 1972 5. Fed. Board of Intermediate & Sec Education Act 1975 6. Federal Directorate of Education Isb. Article 142 (d) 7. Federal supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Standards of Education Act 1976 8. National Education Foundation Ordinance 2002.Source http//www. defence. pk/forums/national-political-issues/125588-education-system-pakistan-good-bad. htmlixzz2PKkMjbtM Flaws hovering over Pakistans education system Filed under ISSUES 0 According to the reports of Human development our country is placed at 136th with just 49. 9 pct educated population. There is lack of uniform education system. Private and Govt. educational institutions has different syllabus. The flaws in education system lead to sociopolitical, economic and ethical issues in our society. Our education system is based on uneven lines.Even the medium of education is different in private and public educational institutions. This inequ ality has divided people among two segments. Such a distressed educational infrastructure is a crucial cause of increasing rate of illiteracy in Pakistan. The regional discrepancy is also main reason illiteracy in Pakistan. The schools in largest province of Pakistan Baluchistan are not establish and sparked as schools in Punjab. There is lack of awareness among people about the significance of education. In FATA the literacy rate is very poor constituting 29. 5% in men and 3% in women.The gender discrimination is also one of the major causes of educational flaws in country which is projecting the boys and girls primary schools ratio 104 correspondingly. In the last few years many new primacy schools for girls and boys are established but still there is need to establish more and more primary schools to meet the educational needs of increasing population. In the last decade the growth of private sector schools is tremendously increased. The private schools trend not just harms the q uality of education but also created a huge gap between rich and poor.The people of lower class couldnt afford the fees of private educational schools and colleges. In public schools there is lack of quality education. There is also shortage of consumed facilities like qualified, train staff, furniture and school buildings etc. Our educational policy doesnt focus on technical education. There are very few technical institutions and less technical trained people in country. The funds allocated for the education are not sufficient the funds are just about 1. 5 % to 2. 0% of total GDP. Although to promote the education the funds must be about 7 percent of total country GDP.With increased education budget the literacy rate in country will surely increased. The provincial and federal Government both need spend a larger portion of their income on promoting education. pen Rizwan Ghani Posted On Tuesday, terrible 02, 2011 Source/Reference www. pakobserver. net Total Views 1320 After 18th Amendment, improvement of education in Pakistan to world(prenominal) standards can be done with help of international frameworks including Program for International Student mind (PISA), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and boards like National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME).Federal and provincial governments have to address the issue of teaching expression ( English, Urdu or regional languages), standardization of political platform, and dealing with two-track education system- Urdu and English medium to take topical anaesthetic and international exams. These tested frameworks can bring the progress of decades in Pakistan bit saving billions of dollars. Thus, Pakistan needs to adopt appropriate policies to raise education standards, sustain economy and earn exotic exchange. The political, social and education complexities of teaching language can be controlled with help of international frameworks.PISA does not require the member states to change curricu lums, teaching languages and teaching methodologies. It allows governments to periodically monitor outcomes of national education systems within internationally agreed framework. It provides a basis for international quislingism in defining and implementing educational goals and skills that are relevant to adult life (professional and social). PISA reading, mathematics and general science frameworks help bring national education at par with international standards.Around half(a) a million 15-year-olds from 75 countries representing 28 million students, participated in PISA 2009 assessments and surveys. Pakistan can use PISA to improving national education standards in all provincial languages (www. pisa. oecd. org). Teaching in local languages can improve Pakistans education standards internationally. According to the 2011 Writing Framework for National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) of America, good writing instruction empowers students to acquire new knowledge and to develop critical thinking skills.This is true of writing in all subject areas, not just English language http //www. state. nj. us/education/assessment/naep/results/writing/2011naep. PISA and NAEP framework rubrics allow student evaluations irrespective of language. Learning and teaching in mother tongue is a universal human right recognized by UN. China, was a top scorers in 2009 PISA testing http //www. nytimes. com/2010/12/07/education/07education. html. It shows education in mother tongue does not affect nations international competitiveness and national education standards.Since education is a provincial subject, therefore provinces should be free to impart education in local languages, make English and Urdu as optional languages. Provinces can issue degrees with pass/fail with English/Urdu or both to free the country from politics of language. It will allow students to continue higher education without passing compulsory languages, which is a major contributor to school and co llege dropouts. It will allow the students to join job market who do not wish to continue with further education. The employer can omit or consider language(s) pass/fail status of aspect at the time of employment.On the other hand, the higher education institutions can keep compulsory languages as part of admission criteria. In line with many American universities, a six months period can be give to first year university students to clear compulsory languages. In terms of syllabus, international frameworks and boards can help Pakistans policy makers develop required syllabuses, fulfill demands of local market, and meet national education objectives to bring national and international education at par. They allow improving exam testing and incorporating modern technology in reading and writing.In addition, they facilitate concerning of national boards to international boards like NBME (www. nbme. org). NBME model allows state medical qualified doctors to take national level exams, upgrade national education and examination standards and link them to rest of the world. It allows tens of thousands of international medical graduates to take United States Medical Licensing Exam without actually studying in American medical colleges. It is equally true for British, Australian and New Zealand medical boards. This model can help cut cost of professional education and fight poverty in Pakistan.Based on these frameworks and models, federal and provincial governments of Pakistan should collaborate to standardize local education and bring it equal to international standards. Islamabad should mince annual summits with China and western countries in line with reports of annual Indo-US higher education summits planning collaboration of universities in both countries. In addition, Pakistan needs to allow private publishers to print books according to the contents of given courses. It will improve concepts of students, standard of books and education.The existing control o f federal government on higher education needs to be changed by allowing provinces complete control of universities, scholarships, hiring, training etc. Federal government needs to become a regulatory body instead of controlling authority and facilitates provinces to standardize higher education, provincial education and bring it equal to international levels. Federal education setup should work with ministry of labor and manpower to identify and develop human resource for interprovincial and overseas market, work with foreign missions to issue annual fancy of overseas jobs and train foreign workers and students.Pakistan needs to organize education to cater to local and international needs, pull foreign investors and earn foreign revenue. Reportedly, America and Britain earned $31bn and ? 8 bn in 2010 from foreign students respectively. China is charging $5333 boarding lodging fee annually for a five-year MBBS and one-year internship. It is also offering seven-year specializatio n degree programs (5 years MBBS and 2 years specialization) in most medical fields. Beijing has gained international recognition through govern tuition fees, transparency, qualified staff and allowing foreign students and teachers in local universities (http //www.4icu. org/cn/).The Chinese model can help Pakistan cut prices of professional education by 50 percent and train surplus number of local and foreign students to sustain domestic and international needs. In line with China, Pakistan should also take necessary locomote to attract flocks of foreign students, interns and investors. Finally, a debate is going on in China on two-track system- one for national college entrance exam (the gaokao) and other for international exams. Imran Khans PTI is deliberating about single education system.Pakistan can overcome challenge of teaching language, two-track system (English and Urdu medium) and bringing local education at par with international with help of international frameworks, N BME and more freedom to provinces. Pakistans Education System and Links to Extremism Author Jayshree Bajoria October 7, 2009 * Introduction * A Dysfunctional System * Government Reform Plans * The Madrassa Myth? * Reforming Madrassas * U. S. Policy Implications.Pakistans poor education system has increasingly become a matter of international concern. Lack of access to quality education, which in turn limits economic opportunity, makes young Pakistanis targets for extremist groups, some experts say. The World Bank says nearly half the adult population of Pakistan cant read, and net primary enrollment rates remain thelowest in South Asia. Experts say the system suffers from inadequate government investment, corruption, lack of institutional capacity, and a poor curriculum that often incites intolerance.In August 2009, chief counterterrorism adviser to the White House John Brennan, summing up a concern held by many U. S. terrorism experts, said extremist groups in Pakistan have explo ited this weakness. It is why they offer free education to impoverished Pakistani children, where they can recruit and indoctrinate the next generation, he said. There have been some efforts by the Pakistani government, Western governments, and the World Bank to reform the system, but serious challenges remain.A Dysfunctional System According to the Pakistani governments National Education Policy 2009 (PDF), three parallel streams in educationpublic schools, private schools, and Islamic religious schools, or madrassashave created unequal opportunities for students. Of the total number of students going to primary school (grades 1 to 5), 73 percent go to public or government schools, 26 percent to private schools, and less than 1 percent to madrassas, according to the Karachi-based policy research institute Social Policy and Development Center.Within the public and the private sector, there are elite group schools catering to a small minority of students. The majority of students at tend low-quality private and public schools with poor curriculum, limited teaching materials, and inadequate number of properly trained teachers, or in many cases absent teachers. No Pakistani leader has had the courage to implement serious education reforms- Pervez Hoodbhoy The government-mandated curriculum is a major concern for Western observers who say it encourages intolerance and a narrow worldview.Except in some elite private schools, which do not follow the government-prescribed curriculum, all public schools and registered private schools have been required to teach Islamiyat, or Islamic studies, for nearly thirty years. In addition to Islamiyat, many scholars have noted that the government curriculum uses Islam for a wide array of controversial ideological objectives, writes C. Christine Fair in the 2008 book The Madrassah Challenge. A 2003 report on the state of curriculum and textbooks by the Islamabad-based independent Sustainable Development Policy initiate (SDPI) sa id that for over two decades.

“A Modest Proposal” Essay

Jonathan Swift writes a satirical passage to criticize the England government on their lack of participation in helping the hungry citizens during the years of drought they are experiencing. In his too exaggerated proposal, he uses an abundance of f dischargeures of style, voice, and organization to express his billet he is trying to make done satire.Swifts choices on the variety of different features of style he uses were decided upon the fact that this passage is rigorously satirical. In paragraphs 20-26, Swift uses mature diction to express his standing with the England government. Paragraph 20 says, I recollect the advantages of the proposal which I charter made are obvious and many, as well as of the highest importance. here he is claiming that this proposal is very important, and that the government should agree with him.He writes like he is well educated on the ideas he is proposing. In essence, this is a legitimate proposal to the government, so his choice in words have to sound sophisticated. As his subject is ab step to the fore ingesting children, it clearly makes sense for him to use a refined vocabulary. If he would use his vocabulary loosely, the exaggeration and satire in the passage would not be as obvious.A unmannerly voice is in use during the passage. Swift approaches his point immediately to present the urgency of the problem he is addressing. England is experiencing drought, which is a serious issue that he feels could be resolved by selling, killing and eating children.In paragraph 25 he states, Fifthly, this food would likewise bring great custom to taverns, where the vintners go out certainly be so prudent as to procure the best receipts for dressing it to perfection.. He straight up tells us that children will make great food. There is no other way to express this point and get the same effect unless it is done bluntly. He wants the government to recognize their absence in the authoritative issue, and being straight-forward wit h each point he makes guides the reader to believe that the passage is purely satirical, but that in that respect is an underlying meaning with his satire.The organization of the essay was very structured. It is clear that hethoroughly thought out each of his ideas, and he presented them in a strategic way to make his point. In paragraph 21 he says, For first, as I have already observed, it would greatly lessen the number of papists, with whom we are periodic overrun, being the principal breeders of the nation as well as our most dangerous enemies and who stay at hearth on purpose to deliver the kingdom of the Pretender, hoping to fix their advantage by the absence of so many food Protestants, who have chosen rather to leave their country than stay at home and pay tithes against their conscience to an Episcopal curate.This shows he is even thinking about religion and how his proposal will affect everyone else in England. He expresses many stomach wrenching thoughts, which could get very confusing if he did not have them structured in an orderly fashion. A mess of ideas about eating children would take away from the actual satire in the passage. The reader would be very mislead and may pretermit the hint of satire he perfectly presents in his writing.Jonathan Swift composes a proposal to not eat children, but to try and open the governments eyes on the problems they are facing. Through style, voice and organization he pulls off a fabulous satirical piece with immense detail and wonderful diction.

Carl Gustav Jung Essay

In this es assign I set in aim to demonstrate an pinch of Jungs Per give-and-takeality Types by describing and evaluating his theory and interpret how they might be useful in religious serviceing me to determine therapeutic goals. I depart also look at whatever of the criticism levelled at Jungs theory,I think this allows the therapist,ie myself to better understand the positive from the oppose. I am also of the opinion that detailing Jungs early old age and background play am Copernican role in the overall evaluation. I nurse conk knocked out(p)icular quest in when Jung met Freud and how this meeting of judicial decisions determine or maybe changed their individual conclusions. I will cover this later in my essay.Carl Gustav Jung was born July 26, 1875, in the small Swiss village of Kessewil. His father was Paul Jung, a country parson, and his mother was Emilie Preiswerk Jung. He was contact by a fairly well educated ex laddered family, including quite a few clergym en and some eccentrics as well. By the age of just six years old Jung started to exact Latin which started an interest in language and literature, especially ancient literature. Jung read several ancient languages including Sanskrit the original Holy Hindoo language book. Jung was a distant youth whilst growing up who did not enjoy his schooling years and was not competitive. Jungs later education was in Basel, Switzerland where he attended boarding school where he found himself the centre of jealous pestering.Carl Jung began to use sickness as an excuse, developing an embarrassing tendency to silly under pressure. Carl Jungs first c atomic number 18er choice was archaeology Jung went on to study medicine at the University of Basel. Whilst working under the well-kn declare neurologist Krafft-Ebing, he established himself on psychiatry as his career. after graduating, he besidesk a place at the Burghoeltzli Mental Hospital in Zurich under Eugene Bleuler, an expert on schizophreni a. In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach. He also taught classes at the University of Zurich, had a private practice, and invented word association at this time. (internetsearch)In 1907 Jung met Freud. Freud would be seduced by the esteem and in- someoneity of Jung and would soon attend in him the spiritual son that could guarantee the survival of psychoanalysis. The unwillingness of Jung towards the Freudian Theory referred to the role of sexuality in the psychic development. In fact Jung on no occasion completely embraced the sexual theory of Freud. From 1912 onwards Jung found himself to a greater extent and more(prenominal) distant from Freuds writings. By abandoning the winding and indirect of Psycho-sexuality, Jung would launch himself in the fields of spiritism and science which was understood by only an initiated few.Jungs inner terra firma became something for him to study and develop his theories on and during this time Jung evolved the goal of his psychology of ind ividuation, which is the strainment of the self and other guide marks, such as the archetypes, the collective unconscious(p). Jungs theory stresses the importance of understanding our somebodyal unconsciousness (events, feeling, behaviour chemical formulas that we have buried in our subconscious from our own direct past) and the collective unconscious (patterns, trends, traces, behaviours that all human beings have no consider what background or culture have running with with(predicate) our lives). Whereas Freud believed the unconscious was suppressed by the human mind. Jung in the other hand believed the unconscious mind was where the conscious mind had its origins and where our pass begins or is created from. cor opposeence was the key for Jung, which he believed the balancing of the dickens sides is what drives us humans towards or away from goals. The foundation of the mind that consisted of the EGO (who we think we are) the SHADOW (the part of us that we deny or do n ot acknowledge) was genuine by Jung. He continued to believe our mind was constantly developing or moving towards our authoritative self (individuation) and this journey was fuelled by natural laws, the principles of reversions, that every aspect of our mind has an opposite force. The principle of equality that equal amounts of pushing are given to both sides, and the principle of entropy, that everything natural winds down as energy is evenly distributed, eventually with the opposing side blending together creating a harmony.Jung believed that ourminds journey followed a repeating in the rites of passage for birth, marriage and death, mirrored throughout all cultures and stacks. Jung believed that this drive to shanghai towards a state if harmony or individuation, was fundamentally important to us all. Jung spent a skinny deal of time and energy on the importance of dreams and getting to understand what their meanings meant to each individual. Jung believed that by understa nding the imageries within our dreams we would benefit a better knowledge of ourselves. He indicated that dreams should not be interpreted too accurately, but considered for finding individualal meanings in the imaginary or symbolism.Jung also recognised and determine two opposites of personality1. INTROVERSION2. EXTROVERSION invagination when psychic energy is turned inwards towards our inner world. These people tend to be thoughtful people with reserved natures, preferring their own company and evading large groups, they may be cautious and uncertain, disliking change or new things, they may seem defensive and they resembling privacy and personal space and spend a lot of time in contemplation. Extreme bounds of introversion have standardized qualities to autism and some forms of schizophrenia.Extroversion is when the movement of energy is turned outwards towards the outside world. An extroverted person would show interest in the outside world, they will be objective and fran k with helpful and easy-going personalities, they like treat and people slightly them, extreme versions of extroverts would be hopeless alone and not able to bear secretiveness or solitude, needing continuous excitement and external inspiration to prevent boredom or unhappiness.Jung also identified four different functions (attitudes) of the mindTHINKING when a person connects to the world via reason and intelligence. These types will have thinking searching minds, always questioning. Theywill be good at judging things able to see the origin and results, and will reach logical decisions. They may be open and appear cool and stranded emotionally, and will be good at adjusting to new situations.FEELING when a person makes worth decisions closely the world establish on how they feel about something, putting ideas, points, and issues in order based on how they valuate them and not on emotional feelings. Feeling people have a sturdy ace of traditional values and human connectio n is significant to them as they tend to be warm and creative. hotshot when a person relies sensory clinical depressions perceptions. These people rely on sensory impressions, how certain things appear, feel and sound. They tend to be mentally and emotionally stable people, taking things at face value, they can be seen as dull and boring which often be easy going and fun, with a calm nature.INTUITION when the world is understood or interpreted in a particular way principally through the unconscious when people speak of having a hunch, gut feeling or instinct about something, this type of person is conscious of changes. Possibilities can appear distracted or ungrounded they will get bored of uninterested or boring details which are often not practical. They can be creative and inspirational.Jung believed that a person is essentially an introvert or an extrovert and this remains equally fixed, however, an individual will rely mainly on functioning using one of these four modalit ies but that opposing function also had an impression on their relationships and behaviour and these functions may adjust throughout life. He combined two attributes and the four functions to ogdoad different psychological types. Jung understood that most people are a blend of two or more types, and that understanding how your own personality type and that of people around you related to the world would offering a deeper understanding of yourself. For example bringing you closer to individuation. Jung trusts that we understand and recognised the strengths and weaknesses of our mind that we would improve and achieve balance. The functions and attitudes are also not fixed with one side of thepair leading, the other becomes unconscious. Jung believed that the unconscious part then finds a way of expressing its hidden self. A persons conscious orientation will be towards one of the four functions the leading or principle function this will decide how you respond to experiences.1.The dominant or principle function this will determine how you react to experiences.2. Auxiliary functions mainly conscious.3. The opposite auxiliary suppressed and partially unconscious.4. Remaining generally unconsciousJung believed when the conscious function was solid thither was a trend for the opposing function to break through into the conscious occasionally in the form of hysteria, phobias and obsessions. He believed in order to achieve balance one must work with the repressed function in therapy which in this case has echoed Freuds theory on repressed feelings and emotions surfacing unconsciously.These combinations of psychological types, Jung hypothecate into eight types, combining the two attitudes with the four functionsExtroverted and invaginateed1.Thinking Type,2.Feeling Type,3.Sensation Type,4.Intuitive TypeThe above generalisation was Jungs way of providing a structure in order to begin and to understand individuals behaviours and feelings. Although these types are still current they form the basis of personality or psychometric testing (Myers-Briggs) which is still in use today. I believe the significance of this information is that it is an opening point from which to discover and search our own or clients mind using a structure.Jung maintains that psychological types are mostly inborn and not acquired through lifes experiences. I concur with this belief, However, Jungrecognised that personality types were influenced as a child advances through life by factors such as parents and the amount of influence each parent has over a child, and social factors such as school, peer groups surroundings. Jung also believed problems (mental ill health) arose when external influences forced children into a pattern that goes against the natural energy flow of a persons mind or psychological type.As with Freud, most of the theories of early pioneers are quite impossible to prove or test due to no scientific way of measuring them. Also the amount of forbea rings used was in very small total and little practical work was done. Jungs work has given foundations to many modern psychologies including theories to develop and explore further and deeper, including words that have been accepted by the modern language. For example* Psyche* Extrovert* Introvert* ArchetypeThese are parallels with other great psychologies Freud, as I already mentioned and discussed, and the work of Hans Eysenck a more modern theorist. Eysenck was the first psychologist to make this trait or temperament business into something more mathematical he gave long lists of adjectives to hundreds of thousands of people and used a special statistics called factor analysis to figure out what factors trait dimensions carry the most weight. He took results of this work and created a test called the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) instead of making these traits either-or, like Jung did, he saw them as dimensions. His first trait dimension was, like Jung, extraversion- introversion. But rather than say you were one or the other (an I or an E), he provided you a score on extraversion-introversion.Eysenck based his theories on Galen, an ancient Greek theory which was created around two thousand BC. It is one of the oldest personality theories around. Eysenck added on the two basic dimensions of temperament (like Jung) and these were based on four types (unscientifically based on the types of fluids he believed were servearound the individuals body) a sanguine type, cheerful, optimistic and easy to be with, choleric, quick, hot tempered and aggressive. A phlegmatical type temperament, slow people who had a tendency to be sad, depressed and have a negative view of the world.Much simpler and much less sophisticated than Jungs theory Eysenck expands this into three dimensions of personality1. Introversion extroversion2. Neuroticism emotional3. Stability and psychoticismWith five further subdivisions1. extroversion2. agreeableness3. conscientiousness 4. neuroticism5. opennessThe theme of four (opposing) forces repeats throughout cultures and across time, North, South, East and West, Earth, Fire, Wind and Air. In religion(used my own as my example) we see recurrences of types, for example The FatherThe SonThe Holy Ghost or the Virgin breedThe CroneArchetypal images we can recognise and begin to understand. These theories have a degree of objectivity, whilst they may give different labels to the personality types there does seem to be agreement that you begin to understand individuals if you can assess basic similar categories or repeating personality traits. Like Jungs theory, and the teachings in the Bible (parables) mayhap these theories have value as a way of forming a framework for us to ask question, and discovering more of ourselves.CONCLUSIONJung believed each personality type or psyche was influenced by another, it is logical to assume that in all human relationships, mainly within an analyst/patient relationship, the a nalyst may encourage the patient so a subjective conclusion or true individuation may not be achievable. I feel it is important to recognise as Jung did that these types are not fixed and that a persons personality or psyche changes throughout life and that energy flows and fluctuates between the opposing sides of our psyche so we understand that a person does not fit neatly into one of the boxes. Jung created this structure or framework to help work towards understanding of our own psyches and how better to relate to the world and people around us.Understanding how a person or patient feels, reacts and relates is obviously the first step to the beginning to help them. Being able to plan a patients healing journey will be more effectively tailored to them if we have a good understanding of why they think or feel the way they do and help them to understand this too. Jung believed that in order to heal, people need to learn to listen to messages from the unconscious mind, to follow th eir own path and think independently, and that in order to become a competent analyst you must first understand yourself in order to efficiently help a client and to determine therapeutic goals,This is an ongoing journey of self discovery which this course is bringing out in me.BIBLIOGRAPHYChrysalis Diploma in psychotherapeutic counselling year two Module ThreeCarl Jung Resources, 2014http//www.carl-jung.net/What Freud actually said David Stafford-ClarkWWW.Philosophy.lander.edu (Internet research)Wikipedia (Internet)Carl Jung Dr. C. George Boereehttp//worldtracker.org/media/library/Psychology/BoereHans Eysenck Dr. C. George Boereehttp//worldtracker.org/media/library/Psychology/BoereIntroducing Jung a graphic guide Maggie Hyde & Michael McGuinnessPersonality Types Jungs Model of Typology Darl Sharp

Analysis of Sound of Silence

Lack of intercourse An analysis of The Sound of Silence Sounds of Silence is an album by Simon and Garfunkel, released on January 17, 1966 (wikipedia) . This is a beautiful song composed with wonderful choices of paroles. Behind this beautiful song with melodious rhythm, thither is a big message in the lyrics. In this poem, Simon presents the loud verbaliser system who speaks about intercourse. The idea of lack of communicating builds up throughout this poem. This poem withdraws a message that there is a lack of existent conversation in the community.The poet multiple uses of lyric poem in this poem have a significant meaning and potently support the thesis above. The multiple uses of I imply that he wants the reader to be the particular mortal he is referring to in the poem. Ive come to talk with you again. and Left its seeds while I was sleeping in the beginning of the poem relates closeness with the speaker (lines 2-4). The darkness meaning silence in this poem is sp eakers old friend. He sack outs the silence very well. Similarly, the multiple use of and provides reasoning and supports for the writers argument.For example, in the lines And the vision that was planted in my brain. the sound of silence, the speaker argues that the environment he has created is still inside his brain and thus is non exposed yet (5-7). The speaker also uses the word stack m each times. commonwealth in this poem refers to all the common people without being bear on to any individuals (17-19). In this context, people refer to those mass who are communicating with each other without any emotional feelings. The poem describes peoples way of communicating in several lines.Through the lines below, Simon wants the speaker to know how people are sharing information with no value. The following section is most important because they convey the speakers main message People talking without speaking People hearing without comprehend People writing songs that voices nev er share And no one dared Disturb the sound of silence (17-21). In this stanza, People being used three times indicates that the speaker is talking about common people of a nation where they are ruled by some dictators or harsh leader where globe opinions have no any value and the freedom is snatched from the people.People are talking but they do not know what they are talking about. Their speech does not have any meaning and they are uttering words just because they are told to do so. They hear the words without interpreting them and are ready to accept whatever the leader commands without realisticizing the results. They know this fact, and can distinguish between right and wrong but they confine their emotions inside themselves never sharing those ideas to others. They fear that silence which is their old friend will be broken. Throughout the essay, Simon wants the speaker to know how people are really lacking communication and how it termination to affect them.The speaker bl ames people for not having real communication. By characterizing common people as Fools, the speaker argues that the people are going dumb without having a good communication media (22). Lack of communication stag people stupid because they are uncognizant what is going on in the world. Using the word fool, speaker stresses how important communication is. People really turn numb without communication. It is only through communication, knowledge is shared and people are aware of many things happening in the world.The narrator continues Silence like a cancer grows (23). The use of this vocabulary suggests us that no communication is as dreadful as cancer. When someone is silent for a presbyopic time, it becomes a habit and the victim may not even notice that. Like there is no any treatment for cancer, it is very hard to convince the people who are living without any communication for a long time. Thus, the speakers suggestions do not work in this case too. He tries to convince the people and mother an awareness in them as he says Hear my words. area you (24-25).But nobody accepts the speakers suggestions and these suggestions come back to him like he says in his poem And echoed In the wells of silence (20-21). In the lines, And the people bowedneon god they made (29-30), the poet presents Neon divinity as a technology. People depend on technologies thinking they are more important because they make their work easier. People today spend much time in text messages, cell phones and chatting, and these are all what the narrator points as talking without speaking and hearing without listening. People have forgotten the real communication. The real ommunication is when there are feelings, when people share ideas face to face. But people are absorb in enjoying the technology without thinking about its harmful consequences. Through this poem, the speaker creates the environment where there is silence everywhere. He dramatizes a community of people where people do not communicate actually. Lack of communication creates an illusion in people. People always worship technologies but never put an effort for real communication. This poem can be a good media to show the importance of real communication and bring awareness among the general people.

Doing Business in Martinique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Doing Business in Martinique - Essay ExampleUnder the CARIFORUM-EPA agreement countries standardized Jamaica that are English speaking Caribbean countries have the opportunity to carry out trade in goods and function with the French overseas territories like Martinique as well as other countries like French Guiana and Guadeloupe.Doing melodic line in Martinique can be a good opportunity for the investors due to the cultural, economic, social and political factors that respect the ripening of business in Martinique. For instance, the main exports from Jamaica to the Martinique are food products like shrimps, lobsters, and crustaceans. Therefore, there remains agency for the diversification of the goods and the expansion of the portions. France is the main trading partner with Martinique but still there remains a vast untapped opportunity for Martinique due to the relatively lower prices. If an investor is considering entering in the service firmament (service exporters), he or she should take a keen interest in a multitude of factors such as language, and the entry requirements. However, in terms of the entry requirements, they are similar to those of France especially when you are considering the service sector (businessmonitor.com, n.d.).For instance, Sam Kruiner, an Advisor at the Caribbean Export Development Agency (CEDA) during a presentation divided up the information on support of CEDA, which has encouraged investors and countries to trade in Martinique. The agency carries activities such as workshops, seminars and studies and the development of the Creative Industries and Sports Tourism in collaboration with Martinique in order to promote business (Worldtravelguide.net, n.d.).The national gold of Martinique is Euros and its residual of payments as at 2006, exports US$ 818 million and imports US$ 3,483 million. The agriculture contributes 6%, services 72% and industry 15%. The inflation rate as of 2005 was 2.4%. Martiniques economy is character ized by chronic balance